Scielo RSS http://www.scielo.org.pe/rss.php?pid=1726-463419430001&lang=pt vol. 2 num. 1 lang. pt http://www.scielo.org.pe/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://www.scielo.org.pe http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46341943000100001&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt 1. La Haemobartonella tyzzeri ha sido observada microscópicamente en 3 cuyes machos de 10 cuyes esplenectomizados procedentes de la zona verrucógena del Rímac.,, (5 machos, 5 hembras), mientras que 3 machos y 1 hembra de Lima resultaron negativos. 2. Una vez se ha cultivado la H. tyzzeri en el medio semi-sólido de NOGUCHI a 28ºC. 3. Sangre de un cuy naturalmente infectado fué inyectado intraperitonealmente a un cuy esplenectomizado de Lima; a las 2 semanas las bartonellas eran visibles en la sangre. De esta manera fueron inoculados 6 cuyes en pasajes sucesivos, siempre con resultados positivos. El porcentaje de glóbulos infectados (± 0.05 % en el cuy original), subió durante estos pasajes, hasta un máximo de 6.25%. El período de incubación bajó en los dos últimos pasajes hasta 1 semana. Tres de los 6 animales mostraron una ligera anemia (con 3.48, 3.74, y 3,19 millones de hematíes por mm.3, respectivamente) y otro (el del segundo pasaje) una anemia fuerte (1.25 millón), con macrocitos, normoblastos y un alto porcentaje de reticulocitos. Está comprobado pues, que la virulencia de la H. tyzzeri puede ser aumentada. 4. Se ha estudiado el cuadro hemático con los resultados siguientes. El diámetro medio del glóbulo parasitado resulta por lo. general un poco más pequeño que el del no infectado, diferencia que por lo menos en un caso no se podría atribuir al azar. En tres cuyes se observó un aumento de los hematíes, precediendo al descenso de éstos. En algunos de los cuyes parasitados se notó una disminución del número de los leucocitos, seguido por una leucocitosis, la cual era unas veces acompañada, de un aumento del porcentaje de los granulocitos neutrófilos. Eosinofílía durante o después de la infección fué observada en tres cuyes, monocitosis en dos. Algunas veces se pudo poner de manifiesto una hipersegmentación del núcleo de los granulocitos. 5. Se realizó un estudio anátomo-patológico del hígado de algunos cuyes parasitados y del bazo de un cuy naturalmente infectado; también dé un pedazo del bazo, dejado con una esplenectomía incompleta en otro cuy experimentalmente infectado.<hr/>1. Haemobartonella tyzzeri was observed in Giemsa-stained films of the blood of 3 male guinea-pigs out of 10 splenectomized animals coming from the verruga zone of the Rimac Valley. As 5 of these guinea-pigs happened to be males and 5 females, it is possible that in nature males are more frequently infected than females. Four splenectomized guinea-pigs from Lima (3 males, 1 female) have been repeatedly examine d with negative results. 2. After several failures H. tyzzeri was cultivated once from the blood of an experimentally infected guinea-pig in the semi-solid medium of NOGUCHI at 28ºC. 3. Blood of one naturally infected guinea-pig was injected intraperitoneally into a splenectomized guinea-pig from Lima; two weeks later the bartonellae were visible in its blood. This strain was carried through six, successive passages in splenectomized guinea-pigs. Three of the latter (males) came from Lima, the other three (females) from the Rimac Valley, but had been examined first during at least one month with negative results. Thus it seems that females from the verruga zone, are not immune against experimental infection with H. tyzzeri. During these animal passages there was a decreased in the mean number of bartonellae per infected red cell (from 17 in the original guinea-pig to 11, 12, 7, 7, 2 and 6), as well as in the maximum observed for any red cell. (from 28 in the original guinea-pig to 6, 25, 16, 16, 6 and 8). However, the percentage of infected red blood corpuscles increased from 0.05% to 6.25% during these passages. The period of incubation decreased from 17 days in the original guinea-pig to 1 week during the last two passages. Three of the six experimentally infected animals showed a slight anemia, with respectively 3.48, 3.74 and 3.19 million red cells per cu.mm., while one (second passage) showed a severe anemia (1.25 million) with macrocytes, numerous normoblasts and 47% of reticulocytes. This indicates that the virulence of H. tyzzeri can be increased. 4. The diameter of the infected erithrocytes was slightly smaller than that of the non - infected ones; it has been calculated that in at least one case this difference could not be explained by chance. (<A HREF="#tab01">Cuadro 1</A>). In 3 infected guinea-pigs the red count increased in the first period of infection. Some of the infected guinea-pigs showed a temporary leucopenia before bartonellae appeared in the blood; the infection period, however, was caracterized by leucocytosis, (<A HREF="#tab02">Cuadro 2</A>) which was in some cases accompanied by a relative increase of the neutrophiles. Eosinophilia during or after the period of infection has been observed in 5 guinea-pigs but 2 of these cases could be explained by the presence of worms. (<A HREF="#tab03">Cuadro 3</A>). In the blood of some infected guinea-pigs an increased nuclear segmentation of the neutrophiles was detected. (<A HREF="#tab04">Cuadro 4</A>). 5. A pathological study was made of the liver of the infected animals. The principal changes found were degeneration of the liver-cells, focal areas of necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue, (especially around the bile-ducts) and extensive phagocytosis of blood. corpuscles and blood pigment. No signs of inflamation were present. At the autopsy of the sixth passage guinea-pig a small piece of the spleen was found, obviously the consequence of an incomplete splenectomy. This showed marked reduction of lymphoid tissue and hyperplasia of the pulp; hyaline degeneration surrounded the small arteries in the Malpighian bodies. Numerous macrophages contained brown pigment. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46341943000100002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt 1. La Haemobartonella tyzzeri ha sido observada microscópicamente en 3 cuyes machos de 10 cuyes esplenectomizados procedentes de la zona verrucógena del Rímac.,, (5 machos, 5 hembras), mientras que 3 machos y 1 hembra de Lima resultaron negativos. 2. Una vez se ha cultivado la H. tyzzeri en el medio semi-sólido de NOGUCHI a 28ºC. 3. Sangre de un cuy naturalmente infectado fué inyectado intraperitonealmente a un cuy esplenectomizado de Lima; a las 2 semanas las bartonellas eran visibles en la sangre. De esta manera fueron inoculados 6 cuyes en pasajes sucesivos, siempre con resultados positivos. El porcentaje de glóbulos infectados (± 0.05 % en el cuy original), subió durante estos pasajes, hasta un máximo de 6.25%. El período de incubación bajó en los dos últimos pasajes hasta 1 semana. Tres de los 6 animales mostraron una ligera anemia (con 3.48, 3.74, y 3,19 millones de hematíes por mm.3, respectivamente) y otro (el del segundo pasaje) una anemia fuerte (1.25 millón), con macrocitos, normoblastos y un alto porcentaje de reticulocitos. Está comprobado pues, que la virulencia de la H. tyzzeri puede ser aumentada. 4. Se ha estudiado el cuadro hemático con los resultados siguientes. El diámetro medio del glóbulo parasitado resulta por lo. general un poco más pequeño que el del no infectado, diferencia que por lo menos en un caso no se podría atribuir al azar. En tres cuyes se observó un aumento de los hematíes, precediendo al descenso de éstos. En algunos de los cuyes parasitados se notó una disminución del número de los leucocitos, seguido por una leucocitosis, la cual era unas veces acompañada, de un aumento del porcentaje de los granulocitos neutrófilos. Eosinofílía durante o después de la infección fué observada en tres cuyes, monocitosis en dos. Algunas veces se pudo poner de manifiesto una hipersegmentación del núcleo de los granulocitos. 5. Se realizó un estudio anátomo-patológico del hígado de algunos cuyes parasitados y del bazo de un cuy naturalmente infectado; también dé un pedazo del bazo, dejado con una esplenectomía incompleta en otro cuy experimentalmente infectado.<hr/>1. Haemobartonella tyzzeri was observed in Giemsa-stained films of the blood of 3 male guinea-pigs out of 10 splenectomized animals coming from the verruga zone of the Rimac Valley. As 5 of these guinea-pigs happened to be males and 5 females, it is possible that in nature males are more frequently infected than females. Four splenectomized guinea-pigs from Lima (3 males, 1 female) have been repeatedly examine d with negative results. 2. After several failures H. tyzzeri was cultivated once from the blood of an experimentally infected guinea-pig in the semi-solid medium of NOGUCHI at 28ºC. 3. Blood of one naturally infected guinea-pig was injected intraperitoneally into a splenectomized guinea-pig from Lima; two weeks later the bartonellae were visible in its blood. This strain was carried through six, successive passages in splenectomized guinea-pigs. Three of the latter (males) came from Lima, the other three (females) from the Rimac Valley, but had been examined first during at least one month with negative results. Thus it seems that females from the verruga zone, are not immune against experimental infection with H. tyzzeri. During these animal passages there was a decreased in the mean number of bartonellae per infected red cell (from 17 in the original guinea-pig to 11, 12, 7, 7, 2 and 6), as well as in the maximum observed for any red cell. (from 28 in the original guinea-pig to 6, 25, 16, 16, 6 and 8). However, the percentage of infected red blood corpuscles increased from 0.05% to 6.25% during these passages. The period of incubation decreased from 17 days in the original guinea-pig to 1 week during the last two passages. Three of the six experimentally infected animals showed a slight anemia, with respectively 3.48, 3.74 and 3.19 million red cells per cu.mm., while one (second passage) showed a severe anemia (1.25 million) with macrocytes, numerous normoblasts and 47% of reticulocytes. This indicates that the virulence of H. tyzzeri can be increased. 4. The diameter of the infected erithrocytes was slightly smaller than that of the non - infected ones; it has been calculated that in at least one case this difference could not be explained by chance. (<A HREF="#tab01">Cuadro 1</A>). In 3 infected guinea-pigs the red count increased in the first period of infection. Some of the infected guinea-pigs showed a temporary leucopenia before bartonellae appeared in the blood; the infection period, however, was caracterized by leucocytosis, (<A HREF="#tab02">Cuadro 2</A>) which was in some cases accompanied by a relative increase of the neutrophiles. Eosinophilia during or after the period of infection has been observed in 5 guinea-pigs but 2 of these cases could be explained by the presence of worms. (<A HREF="#tab03">Cuadro 3</A>). In the blood of some infected guinea-pigs an increased nuclear segmentation of the neutrophiles was detected. (<A HREF="#tab04">Cuadro 4</A>). 5. A pathological study was made of the liver of the infected animals. The principal changes found were degeneration of the liver-cells, focal areas of necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue, (especially around the bile-ducts) and extensive phagocytosis of blood. corpuscles and blood pigment. No signs of inflamation were present. At the autopsy of the sixth passage guinea-pig a small piece of the spleen was found, obviously the consequence of an incomplete splenectomy. This showed marked reduction of lymphoid tissue and hyperplasia of the pulp; hyaline degeneration surrounded the small arteries in the Malpighian bodies. Numerous macrophages contained brown pigment. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46341943000100003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Se han llevado a cabo observaciones entomológicas en relación con la verruga y el paludismo en la zona del Callejón de Huaylas comprendida desde la ciudad de Yuramarca a la de Huarás, prestando especial atención a la región del Cañón del Pato. Se indica, como resultados de tales observaciones, la presencia de las titiras: Phlebotomus verrucarum, P. peruensis, P. noguchii y una especia nueva, señalando detenidamente las localidades donde se las han encontrado. El P. verrucarum, principal trasmisor de la verruga, se halla a lo largo de toda la zona estudiada, siendo su número bastante reducido en la ciudad de Huarás. Desde Yuramarca hasta cerca de la ciudad de Carás se ha encontrado únicamente el Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, tanto larvas como adultos. Sus criaderos se encuentran principalmente en las márgenes del río Santa, en las de algunos afluentes de éste y en numerosos, manantiales.<hr/>Entomological observations were carried out in relation to Carrion's disease and malaria in the Callejón de Huailas in the zone extending from the city of Yuramarca to Huarás, with special attention to the Cañón del Pato region. These observations indicate the presence of the following sandflies: Phlebetomus verrucarum, P. pertiensis, P. noguchi and a new species. The locations where they were found are indicated. P. verrucarum, the main transmitter of Carrión's disease, is found all along the entire zone studied, but in numbers reduced in the city of Huarás. From Yuramarca up to the outskirts of the city of Carás only Anopheles pseudopunctipennis were found as larvae and fully developed adulte. Their focus being mainly on both sides of the Santa River, on the shores of other affluents of this river and in very many streams. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46341943000100004&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Se estudió el sinergismo de estricnina y Cardiazol sobre la presión arterial en 29 perros curarizados. Los resultados son los siguientes: 1. En los casos en que la acción, hipertensiva de la estricnina fué muy pequeña o nula (50 % del total de experimentos) esta droga tuvo efecto sinergista potenciatriz sobre la acción vascular del Cardiazol. 2. En los casos en que la estrícnina produjo fuerte acción hipertensiva y en que el Cardiazol se inyectó durante la hipertensión, no hubo sinergismo. Al contrario la hipertensión cardiazólica en el perro estricnizado fué en este caso muy inferior a la hipertensión cardiazólica en el perro no estricnizado. 3. La hipertensión estricnica dura más que la hipertensión cardiazólica. 4. Sobre el reflejo seno-carotideo la estricnina y el cardiazol tienen acción estimulante solo en los casos en que el reflejo inicial es débil 5. Sobre el reflejo óculo-cardiaco los resultados son muy variables. 6. La vejiga urinaria es muy sensible al cardiazol y a la estricnina, reaccionando siempre con intensa contracción, aún a dosis subcon vulsivantes. Fué posible demostrar sinergismo en esta acción entre dichas drogas.<hr/>A study was made of the sinergism of Cardiazol and strychnine on the arterial blood pressure of 29 dogs treated with curare. 1. In the cases in which the hypertensive action of the strychnine was very small o absent (50 % of the total experiments) there was synergism between that drug and the Cardiazol. 2. In the cases where the strychnine caused strong hypertensive action and where the Cardiazol was injected during the hypertension, there was no synergism. On the contrary, the cardiazolic hypertension in the strychnine dog was in this case very inferior to the cardiazolic hypertension of the non-strychnized dog. 3. The strychnic hypertension lasts longer than the cardiazolic hyper - tension. 4. Upon the sinus-carotid reflex the strychnine and the cardiazol have stimulant action only in the cases in which the initial reflex is weak. 5. Upon the oculo-cardiac reflex the results are very variable. 6. The bladder is very sensitive to cardiazol and strychnine, always reacting with an intense contraction, and even at subconvulsivant doses. It was possible to demostrate synergism in this action between these drugs.