Liberabit

Assessment of the emotional aspects of communication in adults: a preliminary analysis

Si bien se están realizando cada vez más trabajos a nivel mundial en relación a las emociones, muchos de los mismos se están trabajando con neuroimágenes. Dado la dificultad para poder llevar a cabo este tipo de estudios en Argentina, es que se pensó en construir un Inventario que permita hacer inferencias acerca del funcionamiento tanto conductual como neurocognitivo del adulto y establecer relaciones entre las emociones y otras funciones cognitivas que hacen a la conducta adaptativa de la persona frente a distintas situaciones. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar los resultados psicométricos preliminares de la administración piloto del instrumento. Se solicitó la respuesta de 30 empleados (15 hombres y 15 mujeres) de una empresa de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

Although works at world-wide level in relation to the emotions are increasingly being made, many of them are taking place using neuroimaging. Given the difficulty to carry out these type of studies in Argentina, it was thought to build an Inventory which will hopefully allow us to make inferences about the behavioral and neurocognitive functioning of adults, as well as to establish relations between emotions and other cognitive functions that are involved in the adaptative response of a person under different circumstances. The aim of this work is to present the preliminary results of the administration of the mentioned Inventory. Thirty employees (15 men and 15 women) of a company located in Buenos Aires city were assessed.

Parental alcoholism and social performance in children: the mediator role of the family environment

El alcoholismo es uno de los desórdenes psicosociales más frecuentes, con efectos adversos no sólo para la propia persona sino para su entorno. En este estudio, se revisan las consecuencias sobre el desempeño social de los hijos, considerando el rol mediador del ambiente familiar. La importancia de comprender dichas relaciones radica en que el desarrollo socialmente competente en edades tempranas se ha asociado con el bienestar y la salud mental futuros. Se espera que el esclarecimiento del rol de los factores familiares de riesgo y protección sobre el desempeño social infantil permita generar estrategias preventivas y de intervención más certeras.

Alcoholism is one of the most common psychological disorders, which has adverse effects not only for the person but also for their environment. In this study, we review the impact on the social performance of children, considering the mediating role of the family environment. It is relevant understand those relationships because social competence in early ages has been associated with welfare and mental health in future years. It is expected to clarify the role of risk and protective factors in the family on childrens social performance and that this allows generating more accurate preventive and intervention strategies.

An interlocution with some research on the affective-sexual relationships of transexuals partners

En la década del 90, con el surgimiento de las Teorías Queer y la propuesta de reflejar la construcción histórica de las categorías de género y sexo en oposición al paradigma de la heteronormatividad, las nuevas subjetividades y modelos de parejas adquieren visibilidad, explicitando las diversidades sexuales. Este artículo visa dialogar con los autores elegidos y presentados en el texto, para apropiarnos del cuerpo de conocimiento elaborado por ellos, buscando comprender cómo ven las relaciones afectivo-sexuales de las parejas de transexuales. Nuestra búsqueda por investigaciones sobre este fenómeno evidenció la escasez de estudios referentes a los infinitos matices del deseo abarcado por el universo de las diversidades sexuales, ya que estos estudios enfocan aspectos patológicos de esta relación y se basan en el paradigma de la investigación cuantitativa. Esto nos incita a mirar estas relaciones desde la perspectiva del paradigma cualitativo.

With the rise of the Queer Theories in the 90s, a reflexion was suggested regarding the historical gender and sex categories as opposed to the heteronormativity paradigm. Thus, new subjectivities and new partnership models that explicit the sexual diversity have become visible. The present article focuses on an interlocution with the knowledge produced by some researchers so as to understand how these authors see the t-lovers affective-sexual relationships. Our search for studies on such phenomenon evidenced scarce research on the infinite hews of desire particular to the sexual diversity once such studies focus on pathological aspects of the relationship and are based in the quantitative research paradigm. As a result, we have been driven to seek the understanding of the t-lovers relationships through the qualitative research paradigm.

Theoretical definitions and research areas proposed from constructivism, in Latin American publications of psychologyand education in Database REDALYC

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue brindar una síntesis actualizada de los lineamientos teóricos y áreas de investigación abordada desde el constructivismo, en revistas latinoamericanas de psicología y educación publicadas durante los últimos diez años aproximadamente. Con tal fin, se exploró la base de datos REDALYC, por ser considerada uno de los principales repositorios latinoamericanos de acceso abierto, con disponibilidad de artículos completos vinculados al área de psicología y educación. En primer lugar, se analizaron los supuestos epistemológicos del constructivismo. En segundo lugar, ya en relación directa con la psicología y la educación, se repasaron los aspectos centrales y las diferenciaciones teóricas internas de dicha perspectiva. Finalmente, se identificaron algunas tendencias temáticas abordadas desde constructivismo en psicología y educación, presentes en la base de datos explorada. Las mismas se agruparon en torno a tres áreas: estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, didáctica de las ciencias, incorporación de las TICs a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

This paper aimed to provide an updated summary of theoretical tendences and research areas proposed from constructivism, in Latin American journals of psychology and education published during last ten years. For that, we explored the database REDALYC, which is considered as one of main Latin American open-access repository, with full text articles linked to psychology and education. First, we analyzed the epistemological assumptions of constructivism. Then, directly related to psychology and education, we reviewed central aspects and internal theoretical distinctions of this perspective. Finally, we identified some research topics studied from constructivism in psychology and education, in explored database. These were grouped into three areas: teaching and learning strategies, science teaching, and incorporation of TICs into teaching and learning process.

Validation of the engagement Questionnaire UWES for the population of workers of Córdoba, Argentina

El Engagement es un constructo teóricamente opuesto al Burnout y designa una experiencia de bienestar de la persona a raíz de la alta vinculación positiva con su trabajo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una validación del cuestionario de engagement UWES a la población de trabajadores de Córdoba, Argentina (N=674). Los resultados psicométricos preliminares son satisfactorios, en efecto se observaron valores óptimos y aceptables de consistencia interna (valores α comprendidos entre, 69 y, 90) y los estudios de grupos contrastados resultaron coherentes con investigaciones antecedentes. No obstante los estudios de Anαlisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio sugieren que tanto un modelo de dos como de tres factores resulta plausible. Finalmente se discuten las implicancias teóricas y prácticas del presente trabajo.

Engagement is a construct which is theoretically opposite to Burnout and which denotes a persons experience of wellbeing that results from a highly positive connection with their job. The objective of the present work was to carry out a validation of the Engagement questionnaire UWES for the population of workers of Córdoba, Argentina (N=674). The preliminary psychometric results are satisfactory; optimal and acceptable values of internal consistency were found (values of á ranging between, 69 and, 90) and contrasted group studies were coherent with previous investigations. However, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis studies suggest that both models with 2 and 3 factors are plausible. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this work are discussed.

Bibliometric study about voluntary workers engagement and burnout from researches published in EBSCO HOST

El objetivo es lograr una primera aproximación descriptiva-bibliométrica sobre engagement y burnout en voluntarios, puntualizando en el tamaño, crecimiento y distribución de documentos, en la estructura social de autores y en el contenido temático. La muestra estuvo conformada por 104 documentos científicos del portal de bases de datos EBSCO Host entre los años 1983 y 2010. Se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos simples en el tratamiento de los datos. Se trata de un campo de estudio que aumenta su productividad en los últimos 5 años. El 70% son artículos en revistas con referato. Existe dispersión y escasa continuidad y colaboración entre los autores. Más de 450 descriptores encontrados se concentran en las categorías: estrés, voluntariado, factores psicosociales, compromiso comunitario, participación política, prevención, control y motivación.

The objective is to obtain a first descriptive-bibliometric approach about engagement and burnout in voluntary workers focalizing in size, growth, distribution of documents, authors social structure and thematic content. The sample was conformed by 104 scientific documents from EBSCO Host data bases portal between 1983 and 2010. There were used simple descriptive stadistics for data analyses. It is a study field which productivity grows since the last 5 years. The 70% of the found publications are peer-reviewed documents. There are dispersion, reduced continuity and collaboration between authors. More than 450 different subjects were found, they are concentrated in the categories: stress, volunteering, psychosocial factors, community engagement, politic participation, prevention, control and motivation.

Correspondence of the subjective proximity of social representations and inter-representation activation

Forced association tasks based on the basic cognitive schemes (SCB) model might be a very useful resource to qualify the relationships between concepts - potential social representation objects - by means of differential activation, whether related or not to a social representations theoretical framework. However, it is important to find some empirical support showing that the activation results provided by such tasks are backed up by alternative activation measures. The present paper aimed at verifying if the activation proportions of the relationships of some concepts with the social representation on aging are compatible with direct perceived proximity evaluations rated by a similar population. A sample of 102 undergraduate students from an Italian university completed forced association SCB tasks that measured the activation of 28 relationships. The effects of a log-linear saturated model indicated partial correspondence of the magnitude of the assessed relationships, pointing out to the validity of employing SCB tasks as an activation measure. Some considerations are made concerning the possibility to refine the empirical measurement of SCB-based relationships.

Tareas de asociación forzadas basadas en el modelo de los esquemas cognitivos de base (SCB) podrían ser un recurso muy útil para calificar las relaciones entre conceptos - potenciales objetos de representación social - por medio de activación diferencial, relacionada o no con un marco teórico de las representaciones sociales. Sin embargo, es importante encontrar algún apoyo empírico que muestre que los resultados proporcionados por la activación de estas tareas están respaldados por medidas de activación alternativas. El presente artículo tiene por objeto verificar si las proporciones de activación de las relaciones de algunos conceptos con la representación social sobre el envejecimiento son compatibles con evaluaciones directas de proximidad dadas por una población similar. Una muestra de 102 estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad italiana han completado tareas de asociación forzada SCB que mide la activación de 28 relaciones. Los efectos de un modelo log-lineal saturado han indicado una correspondencia parcial de la magnitud de las relaciones evaluadas, señalando a la validez del empleo de las tareas SCB como una medida de activación. Se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la posibilidad de refinar la medición empírica de las relaciones basadas en SCB.

Revision of international scientific production about beliefs, attitudes, opinions and behaviors of teachers in the inclusion in physical education

A presente investigação buscou analisar criticamente estudos indexados em inglês na base de dados ISI Web of Science que tenham como objetivo principal ou secundário verificar as crenças, atitudes, opiniões e comportamentos docentes associados à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na Educação Física regular na literatura internacional. Realizaram-se buscas na base de dados ISI Web of Science entre os períodos de 1994 a 2010. Oito artigos fizeram parte das análises envolvendo esta temática. Pode-se concluir que a produção científica Internacional nas bases de dados adotadas evidenciou que os professores de Educação Física julgam que suas escolas estão mal preparadas e que há necessidade de experiências práticas, informações e formação para o ensino de pessoas com deficiência, pois os docentes que mantiveram atitudes menos favoráveis são os mesmos que relataram ter pouca ou nenhuma formação na área da Educação Física adaptada, ocasionando assim, um sentimento de despreparo profissional.

This research aimed to critically analyze studies indexed in English in the database ISI Web of Science that have as a main or secondary objective verify beliefs, attitudes, opinions and behaviors of teachers associated to inclusion of people with disabilities in regular physical education in the international literature. Searches were made in the database ISI Web of Science between the periods 1994 to 2010. Eight articles were part of the analysis involving this issue. It can be concluded that international scientific production in the databases adopted showed that physical education teachers believe that their schools are not well prepared and need practical experience, information and training to teach people with disabilities, because teachers who remained less favorable attitudes are the same who reported having little or no training in adapted Physical Education, thus causing a feeling of lack of professional training.

Elaboration of a rural teachers scale that measures beliefs about educational process, CAPE-R

Este artículo presenta la construcción y validación preliminar de una escala diseñada para profesores rurales, cuyo objetivo es medir las creencias que éstos sustentan acerca del proceso educativo. El proceso incluyó su aplicación a 300 profesores rurales de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. El instrumento muestra adecuados niveles de confiabilidad y evidencia un constructo multidimensional, compuesto por cuatro dimensiones de creencias respecto del proceso educativo. Los resultados sugieren, un perfil de profesor rural con una fuerte convicción en la importancia del logro de aprendizajes significativos, de relaciones más horizontales con sus alumnos y de ser proactivos frente a los desafíos que la educación rural presenta. El instrumento se plantea como una herramienta para el estudio de creencias en el ámbito de la educación rural, aportando con la investigación de una de las variables que mayor impacto presenta en el proceso educativo y la calidad de los aprendizajes.

This article presents the construction and preliminary validation of a scale designed for rural teachers, whose objective is to measure these underlying beliefs about the educational process. The process included its aplication to 300 rural teachers in the Región de la Araucanía, Chile. The instrument shows adequate levels of reliability, and evidences a multidimensional construct, composed by four dimensions of beliefs, about the educational process. The results suggest a profile of rural teacher, with a strong beliefs in: the importance of achieving significant learning, of horizontal relationships with their students, and being proactive in addressing the challenges that rural education presents. The instrument is intended as a tool for the study of beliefs in the field of rural education, contributing to the investigation of one of the variables that has the greatest impact in the educational process, and the quality of learning.

Personal values and professional choice: does engineers and managers different values?

O foco deste estudo é: compreender o comprometimento com a carreira, através dos valores pessoais, com a comparação dos valores de engenheiros e administradores. A pesquisateve amostra de 68 administradores e 71 engenheiros e utilizou o Questionário de Valores Individuais (Shwartz, 1992). Não houve diferenças nas variáveis que mediam: autodeterminação, estimulação, hedonismo e realização. As diferenças foram nos constructos: poder (uma variável), universalismo (três variáveis), benevolência (duas variáveis), conformidade (uma variável) e segurança (duas variáveis). O constructo onde se encontrou maiores diferenças foi na tradição (cinco variáveis). Desta forma, das 40 variáveis mensuradas, 14 apresentaram diferenças entre os administradores e os engenheiros (35%). Em suma, esta pesquisa comprovou que pessoas com diferentes escolhas de carreiras profissionais possuem valores distintos.

The paper focus is: to understand career commitment through personal values, by comparing values of engineering and managers. The research sample was 68 managers and 71 engineers and was used Portraits Questionnaire - PQV (Schwartz, 1992). There were no differences in four constructs: Self-determination, Stimulation, Hedonism, and Achievement. In Power construct one variable was different, in Universalism three variables, Benevolence and Security two variables each, Compliance one variable. Tradition was the construct with greatest difference between engineers and managers (five variables). Thus, with 40 variables measured was found differences in 14 (35%). So, this paper concludes that people with different career choice have differences in personal values.