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Nuestro compromiso con los principios éticos

Análisis factorial confirmatorio del inventario multicultural de la expresión de la ira y hostilidad

El propósito principal del presente estudio fue verificar la estructura factorial de las dos escalas que componen el Inventario Multicultural de la Expresión de la Ira y Hostilidad desde una perspectiva confirmatoria. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio en una muestra de 264 participantes provenientes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. El muestreo fue no probabilístico e incluyó estudiantes (25%), personal docente (17.8%) y personal administrativo (57.2%). La confiabilidad del instrumento fue evaluada mediante los modelos congenérico, tau-equivalente y paralelo para cada una de las seis subescalas del instrumento, así como también calculada en base al coeficiente alfa de Cronbach con intervalos de confianza. The main purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure of the two scales that make up the Multicultural Inventory of Expression of Anger and Hostility from a confirmatory perspective. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a non-probability sample of 264 participants from a private university in Lima, Peru. The sampling included university students (25%), faculty members (17.8%) and administrative staff (57.2%). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using the congeneric, tau-equivalent and parallel models for each of the six subscales of the instrument, as well as calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient with confidence intervals. Results: Factor analysis performed in the present Peruvian sample identified four dimensions for the Anger Expression Scale (Anger-In, Anger-Out, Anger/Control In, and Anger/Control-Out) and two factors for the Hostility Scale (impulsive reaction to anger; and temperament), which substantially verified the factor structure of previous studies conducted in Latin American samples. The congeneric modelindicates an appropriate fit for each of the subscales of anger and hostility. Based on the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed in the present study, the factorial structure of both scales of the Multicultural Anger Expression and Hostility Inventory is robust and shows substantial empirical evidence of construction validity and internal consistency of the instrument.

Effect of the size of the sample in the analysis of evocations for social representations

A análise prototípica das evocações é uma das principais técnicas que permite a exploração da estrutura das representações sociais a partir de dados verbais. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o efeito de variações no tamanho da amostra nas configurações dos resultados da análise prototípica a partir de evocações livres. Foram sorteadas subamostras de um banco de dados com 469 participantes com tamanhos amostrais progressivamente menores (200, 100, 50 e 25 casos), e comparadas as configurações de resultados dos primeiros quadrantes relativamente à amostra de referência. Os resultados apontam que as amostras de 200 e 100 casos têm padrões próximos da amostra total em termos de concordância com a composição do primeiro quadrante. Além disso, amostras com 50 e 25 participantes não são recomendáveis, por terem alta variabilidade e baixa coincidência com a amostra maior

The prototypical analysis of evocations is one of the main techniques that allows the exploration of the structure of social representations from verbal data. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of variations in the size of the sample in the configurations of the results of the prototypic analysis from free evocations. Subsampleswere randomly selected from a database with 469 participants with progressively smaller sample sizes (200, 100, 50 and 25 cases), and compared the results settings of the first quadrants with respect to the reference sample. The results show that the samples of 200 and 100 cases have patterns close to the total sample in terms of agreement with the composition of the first quadrant. In addition, samples with 50 and 25 participants are not recommended because they have high variability and low coincidence with the larger sample

Scale of moral educational conceptions (SMEC)

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o processo de construçâo e validaçâo da Escala de Concepçôes Educativas Morais (ECEM). A ECEM é um instrumento que investiga as concepçôes educativas de pais e mâes sobre os construtos obediência, respeito, justiça e autonomia, pensados na relaçâo com seus filhos. Participaram do estudo 860 pais e mâes representativos das cinco regiôes do Brasil. A análise de conteúdo descreveu e confirmou a construçâo dos itens e a referência aos seus construtos. A análise fatorial confirmatória sugeriu como aceitável a estrutura multifatorial confirmando os quatro construtos (GFI = 0.933, AGFI = 0.919 e RMSEA = 0.0702). A ECEM apresentou-se, portanto, como um instrumento de medida com características psicométricas adequadas. Em relaçâo aos instrumentos de medida de juízo e competência moral mais utilizados no Brasil, a ECEM apresenta a originalidade da possibilidade de investigaçâo das concepçôes morais dos participantes sobre os tipos de relaçôes sociais que se estabelecem no tocante aos construtos obediência, respeito, justiça e autonomia.

The purpose of this article is to present the process of construction and validation of the Scale of Moral Educational Conceptions (SMEC). The SMEC is an instrument that investigates the educational conceptions of parents in relation to the constructs of obedience, respect, justice and autonomy conceived in relation to their children. The study included 860 fathers and mothers representing the five regions of Brazil. The content analysis described and confirmed the construction of the items and the reference to the constructs. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested as acceptable to the multifactorial structure, confirming the four constructs (GFI = 0.933, AGFI = 0.919 and RMSEA = 0.0702). Therefore, the SMEC is a measuring instrument with adequate psychometric characteristics. In relation to the instruments of measurement of judgment and moral competence more used in Brazil, the SMEC presents the original possibility of investigating the moral conceptions of the participants in relation to the types of social relationships that are established with regard to the constructs of obedience, respect, justice and autonomy

El afecto y sus dimensiones: Modelos contrastados mediante anÃ¡lisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala PANAS

Dentro de las mediciones mediante autorreporte, una de las escalas mÃ¡s mencionadas en la literatura cientÃfica sobre las emociones es la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS). Teniendo en cuenta las investigaciones precedentes, el presente trabajo tiene un objetivo principal, el de replicar en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos los hallazgos previos encontrados en otros paÃses acerca de la dimensiÃ³n factorial del PANAS. Para esto se utilizÃ³ el AnÃ¡lisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Si bien en general los resultados permiten dar cuenta de las propiedades convergente, discriminante y jerÃ¡rquica del Afecto propuestas por Watson (2000), no se logran corroborar del todo estos postulados. AsÃ, se evidencia que las variables observables Alerta y Excitado presentan una ponderaciÃ³n cruzada, afectando el ajuste global de los modelos. Finalmente, el modelo trifactorial del Afecto es el que presenta mejores Ãndices de ajustes, tanto para el caso oblicuo como ortogonal.

Within self-report measures, one of the most mentioned scales in the scientific literature on emotions is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Taking into account previous research, the present work has a main objective, to replicate in a sample of Argentine university students the previous findings found in other countries about the factorial dimension of PANAS. For this, it was used the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Although in general the results showed that the hierarchical, discriminant and convergent affection properties proposed by Watson (2000) cannot be fully corroborated. Thus, it is evident that the observable variables Alert and Excited have a cross weighting, affecting the overall adjustment of the models. Finally, the trifactorial model of the Affect is the one that presents better indices of adjustments, both for the oblique and orthogonal cases

Intrafamily violence against the elderly: Systematic review

Essa revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso» e «maus-tratos e idoso», com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicações, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, identificando dificuldades e formas de enfrentamento encontradas pela rede de proteção ao idoso vítima de violência. No método, utilizaram-se como critérios de seleção: artigos que abordassem a temática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, não duplicidade e publicações nacionais. Foram identificados 17 artigos distintos, publicados entre 2007 e 2014. Os resultados apontaram como principais dificuldades no que se refere ao enfrentamento da problemática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: subnotificação, ausência de fluxo entre os órgãos da rede de proteção, falta de preparo das equipes de saúde para lidar com a problemática e carência de estrutura para se trabalhar com esta demanda. Já no que se refere às formas de enfrentamento mais recorrentes, as estratégias mais apontadas foram: articulação entre os serviços de proteção à pessoa idosa, fortalecimento do apoio ao idoso e sua família, investimento na capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e ações voltadas para a atenção ao cuidador.

This systematic review of the literature was carried out on a national journals basis, between June / 2015 and February / 2016, using the descriptors: «intrafamily violence and elderly» and «mistreatment and elderly», in order to identify the frequencies of the studies, years of publications, major difficulties of the network and how the problem of violence is perceived by the study participants. In this sense, the objective was to characterize the studies about domestic violence against the elderly, identifying difficulties and forms of confrontation found by the network of protection to the elderly victims of violence. In the method, it was used as selection criteria: papers that address with the issue of intrafamily violence against the elderly, non-duplicity and national publications. A total of 17 differentpapers were identified, published between 2007 and 2014. The results showed as main difficulties in dealing with the problem of intrafamily violence against the elderly: underreporting, absence of flow between components of the protection network, lack of preparation of health teams to deal with the problem and deficit in the structure to work with this demand. Regarding the recurrent forms of confrontations, the most indicated strategies were articulation between services for the protection of the elderly, strengthening support for the elderly and their families, investment in the training of health professionals, and actions directed to the attention of thecaretaker.

Actividades en la adolescencia: Experiencias Ã³ptimas y autopercepciones

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los niveles de experiencias Ã³ptimas (EO) que los adolescentes reportan en distintas actividades del contexto escolar y extraescolar y analizar cÃ³mo se relacionan estos niveles con el autoconcepto y autoestima en la poblaciÃ³n adolescente de la Ciudad AutÃ³noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (CABA-AR). Para ello se administrÃ³ el Inventario Breve de EO y el Perfil de AutopercepciÃ³n a 399 adolescentes concurrentes a escuelas de educaciÃ³n media de la CABA-AR. Se realizÃ³ un ANOVA de medidas repetidas con efecto principal intrasujeto para comparar las EO en cada actividad y un anÃ¡lisis de correlaciÃ³n para estudiar la relaciÃ³n entre EO y el autoconcepto y autoestima. Entre los resultados se encontrÃ³ que los adolescentes experimentan mayores niveles de ocurrencia de EO en las actividades extracurriculares. Con respecto al autoconcepto y autoestima, las relaciones halladas fueron en todos los casos positivas y mostraron diferencias segÃºn el tipo de actividad en el cual se reportaban las EO.

The objective of this study was to compare the levels of optimal experiences (OE) that adolescents report in different activities of the school and out-of-school context and to analyze how these levels are related to self-concept and self- esteem in the adolescent population at Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina (ACBA-AR). For this purpose, the OE Brief Inventory and the Self-Perception Profile were administered to 399 adolescents attending ACBA-AR high schools. We performed an ANOVA with repeated measures with intrasubject main effect to compare the OEs in each activity and a correlation analysis to study the relationship between OE and self-concept and self-esteem. Among the results, we found that adolescents experience higher levels of occurrence of OE in extracurricular activities. With regard to self-concept and self-esteem, the relationships found were in all cases positive and showed differences according to the type of activity in which OE were reported

**Transcultural adaptation of Kidcope to portuguese (Brazil)**

O objetivo do presente artigo é traduzir e realizar a adaptaçâo transcultural para o Português (Brasil) do instrumento Kidcope. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, de caráter transversal, na qual se realizou a equivalência conceitual e de itens, semântica e operacional entre o instrumento original e a versâo brasileira do Kidcope. Os resultados evidenciam uma boa equivalência conceitual e de itens, além de semântica, entre os itens do instrumento original e das retrotraduçôes, sobretudo quanto à díade T2 - R2. Quanto à equivalência operacional, as crianças avaliaram o instrumento como adequado e compreensível. O estudo atingiu o objetivo desejado. Os resultados se mostraram satisfatórios, indicando a possibilidade de continuidade à etapa subsequente, a equivalência de mensuraçâo.

The objective of this paper was to translate and carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of KidcopeÂ´s instrument to Portuguese (Brazil). The conceptual and item equivalence, semantic and operational equivalence between the original instrument and the Brazilian version of the Kidcope were performed in this cross-sectional methodological research. The results show a good conceptual and item equivalence, besides semantics between the elements of the original instrument and the translations, especially with reference to the T2 - R2 dyad. Regarding operational equivalence, the children confirmed to instrument as adequate and comprehensible. The study reached the desired goal and the results were satisfactory, noting the possibility of continuing to the next stage, the equivalence of measurement.

Inventario de la ansiedad ante exámenes-estado: Análisis preliminar de validez y confiabilidad en estudiantes de psicología

El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la estructura interna de la versiÃ³n en espaÃ±ol del Inventario de Ansiedad ante ExÃ¡menes-Estado (TAI-Estado). Fue evaluada una muestra de 125 universitarios de Lima (84.8% mujeres) entre 18 y 31 aÃ±os (M = 22.51). La estructura interna del TAI-Estado fue analizada mediante un anÃ¡lisis factorial confirmatorio, evaluando tres modelos: oblicuo, bifactor y unidimensional. Los resultados indican que el TAI-Estado estÃ¡ constituido por una sola dimensiÃ³n y mostraron ademÃ¡s coeficientes de confiabilidad con magnitudes elevadas. En conclusiÃ³n, la versiÃ³n estudiada evidencia propiedades psicomÃ©tricas favorables que respaldan su uso en Lima.

The objective of the present study was to examine the internal structure of the Test anxiety inventory-State (TAI-State) in Spanish version. A sample of 125 college students from Lima (84.8% female) between 18 and 31 years old (M = 22.51) was evaluated. The internal structure of the STAI was analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis, evaluating three models: oblique, bifactor and unidimensional. The results indicate that a single dimension constitutes the STAI and there are coefficients of reliability with high magnitudes. In conclusion, the version studied shows favorable psychometric properties that support its use in Lima.

Jerarquía de valores entre estudiantes de secundaria de colegio religioso y colegio laico de Lima

El objetivo de la presente investigaciÃ³n fue comparar la jerarquÃa de valores entre estudiantes de secundaria, segÃºn tipo de colegio (religioso y laico) y sexo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 250 alumnos de secundaria (60.4 % varones, 52 % colegio religioso). Las edades correspondientes se encuentran en el rango de 14 a 17 aÃ±os (M = 15.47, DE = 0.63). Se administrÃ³ el Cuestionario de Valores de Schwartz (2001), cuyo anÃ¡lisis de estructura y consistencia interna resultÃ³ satisfactorio. Para comparar la jerarquÃa de valores entre los grupos, se utilizaron correlaciones top down (r td ). De acuerdo a los resultados, se hallÃ³ mayor asociaciÃ³n (similitud) entre la jerarquÃa de valores segÃºn el tipo de colegio (r td = .82) y, en menor grado, segÃºn el sexo (r td = .69). Los resultados comparativos por sexo mostraron diferencias significativas, siendo las mujeres quienes presentaron mayores puntajes en Benevolencia, AutodirecciÃ³n, EstimulaciÃ³n y los hombres en Logro. Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados comparativos.

The purpose of this research was to compare the hierarchy of values among high school students, according to type of school (religious and secular) and sex. The sample was composed by 250 high school students (60.4% male, 52% religious school). The ages are in the range of 14 to 17 years (M = 15.47, SD = 0.63). The instrument used was the Portrait Value Questionnaire by Schwartz (2001), whose analysis of structure and internal consistency was satisfactory. To compare the hierarchy of values between the groups, top down correlations (r td >) were used. According to the results, greater association (similarity) was found between the hierarchy of values depending on the type of school (r td = .82) and, to a lesser degree by sex (r td = .69). The comparative results show greater Benevolence, Self-Direction, Stimulation among women and Achievement among men. The implications of the comparative results are discussed.

CaracterÃsticas psicolÃ³gicas y problemas de salud mental en estudiantes mexicanos: Un anÃ¡lisis estructural

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue proponer un modelo estructural que delinee la relaciÃ³n que guardan distintas caracterÃsticas psicolÃ³gicas en su relaciÃ³n con problemas de salud mental por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. En una muestra no aleatoria e intencional de N = 231 estudiantes, el modelo especificado demuestra que las variables de ira-rasgo, abnegaciÃ³n y locus de control interno tienen efectos en problemas de salud mental a travÃ©s de mediadores como la ira contenida, la falta de asertividad y la autoeficacia, y que estos guardan las relaciones teÃ³ricas esperadas (X2 = 50.24, gl = 35 y p = 0.04; razÃ³n X2/gl = 1.44, CFI = .98, NFI = .93, IFI = .98, RMSEA = .04). Se discuten estos hallazgos en tÃ©rminos de su contribuciÃ³n a la comprensiÃ³n de los mecanismos de la compleja relaciÃ³n de las caracterÃsticas psicolÃ³gicas, la personalidad y la salud.

The objective of this study was to propose a structural model that delineates the relationship between different psychological characteristics in relation to mental health problems through a structural equation model. In a non-random, intentional sample of N = 231 students, the specified model demonstrates that anger-trait, self-denial and internal locus of control variables have effects on mental health problems through mediators such as anger-in, lack of assertiveness, and self-efficacy, and that they keep the expected theoretical relationships (X2 = 50.24, gl = 35 and p = 0.04; razÃ³n X2/gl = 1.44, CFI = .98, NFI = .93, IFI = .98, RMSEA = .04) These findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to understanding the mechanisms of the complex relationship among psychological characteristics, personality and health.

Aporte complementario sobre la significancia prÃ¡ctica en los resultados del Young Self-Report