Scientia Agropecuaria

Compost and humic substance effects on soil parameters of Vitis vinifera L cv Thompson seedless

The use of organic amendments is common under the concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) in Vitis vinifera (Table grape) to improve plant and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate compost (C) and humic substances (HS) mixed with mineral fertilizer (MF) in an INM program of V. vinifera cv Thompson seedless. The chemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated in soil on 1-yearold V. vinifera plants growing on Alfisol soil. Five treatments and control were evaluated: (T1) C+MF, (T2) HS+MF, (T3) C, (T4) HS, (T5) MF and (T6) absolute control. The results indicated that the application of C and HS, increased β glucosidase and dehydrogenase activities, reaching values of 90.2 µg p-nitrophenol g1h-1 and 9.1 µg de TFP g-124h-1, respectively. In addition, pH was similar in all treatments while electrical conductivity increased with application of mineral and organic amendments, reaching 0.41dS m-1 in T2 (HS+MF). Furthermore, yeast concentration increased with organic amendments or mineral. Correlation analysis indicated significant and positive relationships between PO4-P concentration with MF (0.579) and C (0.431) and nitrogen with MF (0.868). These results support that INM, which combines mineral fertilization and organic amendments, improve positive changes in chemical soil properties and C cycling measured in terms of enzymatic activity in V. vinifera

**Relation between the mineral nutrients and the Vitamin C content in camu-camu plants (Myrciria dubia) cultivated on high soils and flood soils of Ucayali, Peru**

Camu-camu is a native plant of the Peruvian Amazon. It is noted for its high concentration of ascorbic acid, however this feature varies widely from one location to another due to genetic and environmental factors. In order to determine the relationship between mineral nutrients and the concentration of ascorbic acid in camu>camu plants, a study was conducted in three camu-camu producing areas in flood-prone soils and soils on dry land conditions in the Ucayali Region. For this purpose, soil samples and camu-camu were collected. The content of following macronutrients was analyzed: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium; also was determined the concentration of aluminum, pH, organic matter and ascorbic acid. The results show that the camu-camu plantations located in upland soils had lower concentrations of ascorbic acid and lower natural fertility, than soils prone to flooding. Ascorbic acid is negatively related to the concentration of aluminum and positively to the concentration of magnesium and phosphorus in the camu-camu producing areas. It is concluded that the concentration of ascorbic acid in camu-camu plants is best expressed when soils have better chemical attributes and good conditions of natural fertility

X-ray test to evaluate the physiological potencial of Platypodium elegans Vog. Seeds (Fabaceae)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the internal morphology of Platypodium elegans Vog. seeds through the X-ray tests and to verify their relation with germination. 200 radiographic images were taken of each group and the tests were taken with the seeds set at 28.0 cm from the source of x-rays. Next, the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as seen in the radiographic images. Three categories of seeds were established: full, empty and partially full. For each seed category, germination tests were performed. Statistical design in factorial 3x3, with three groups and three categories. From the results obtained in this work, the use of x-ray test with Platypodium elegans Vog. seeds is promising in quality of seed groups detection, assisting in empty and partially full seeds separation, invalidating their immediate use or storage. The x-ray test, in 26 kV for 1.2 seconds intensity was efficient in Platypodium elegans Vog. internal morpholy evaluation. There is a relationship between the internal morphology of seeds and the results of the germination test. The importance of a methodology of easy implementation, aiming at estimating the germinative power of the groups of seeds, was proved by the x-ray tests in seeds of Platypodium elegans Vog. and can also be used for the analysis of the internal morphology of other forest species

Respuesta de Phaseolus vulgaris a microorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la respuesta de P. vulgaris a la inoculación individual y consorcio de MPCV a dosis reducida al 50% del FN. Para ello se inoculó P. vulgaris individualmente con: B. cereus, R. etli y T. harzianum y en consorcio de MPCV en jarras de Leonard tratada con NH4NO3 al 50 %, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar; con variables respuestas: porcentaje y días a germinación, altura de planta y longitud radical, peso fresco/seco aéreo y radical (PFA/PSA/PFR/PSR) a plántula y floración; los datos experimentales se analizaron por Tukey, p ≤ 0,05. Los resultados mostraron que P. vulgaris inoculado con R. etli y T. harzianum tuvo un 100 % y 95,8% de germinación o emergencia en 4,8 y 4,5 días, respectivamente, valores con diferencia estadística en comparación con el 91,7% en 7,17 días en P. vulgaris sin inocular con el 100% de FN o testigo fertilizado (TF). En la etapa de plántula de P. vulgaris con T. harzianum y R. etli fue de 1,12 g y 0,72 g PSA, así como de 0,31 g y 0,21 de PSR, respectivamente, superior a P. vulgaris (TF) de 0,52 g de PSA y 0,19 g de PSR. Lo anterior apoya el potencial de R. etli y T. harzianum para la producción de P. vulgaris a dosis reducida de FN, comparado con el efecto positivo individual de B. cereus y en consorcio en la misma leguminosa

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of P. vulgaris to single inoculation or to PGPM of dose reduced to 50% of NF. In that sense seeds of P. vulgaris were inoculated individually with B. cereus, R. etli or T. harzianum and as a PGPM consortium in a hydroponic system Leonard jars, fed with NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) 50%, reduced dose. Under an experimental randomized block design; response variables measured were: percentage and days to germination, plant height and root length, weight fresh/ dry air and root weight (AFW/ADW/RFW/RDW) to seedling and flowering, experimental data were validated by Tukey, p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that P. vulgaris inoculated with R. etli and T. harzianum had 100% and 95.8% germination in 4.8 and 4.5 days respectively and statistically different compared to 91.7% in 7.17 days of P. vulgaris not inoculated at 100% NF had as a Fertilizer Control (FC). At seedling stage of P. vulgaris with T. harzianum and R. etli had 1.12 g and 0.72 g of ADW and of 0.31 and 0.21 g RDW; while P. vulgaris response used as FC with 0.52 g and ADW and 0.19 g of RDW. This supports the positive potential of R. etli and T. harzianum for producing P. vulgaris reduced dose of NF, as well the positive effect of B cereus and microbial consortium in the legume

Adaptación de nuevas tecnologías para implementación del módulo demostrativo en el cultivo de tilapia en la libertad

El estudio fue ejecutado con el objetivo de identificar la factibilidad de operación de un módulo demostrativo de producción de semilla de tilapia nilótica en La Libertad. Los tanques de cría contaron con sistema de aireación y recirculación de agua complementado con la administración de probióticos. Los peces reproductores fueron adquiridos en Moyobamba, San Martín y luego de su recepción fueron sometidos a un proceso de selección en base a caracteres morfológicos que ofrecen ventaja para la producción de carne. En la cría de los adultos fue establecida la relación hembra - macho de 3:1. Periódicamente fueron examinadas las hembras para colectar huevos o larvas de su boca para su manejo en incubadoras artesanales. Fueron evaluadas las variables físicas y químicas de las unidades de incubación y cría con la finalidad de vigilancia y control de la calidad de agua del módulo demostrativo con probióticos observando niveles de temperatura de 16,6 y 29 ºC sin que se afecte la sobrevivencia de la especie. La mayor frecuencia de desoves se produjo en la estación de verano con niveles de temperatura de 29 oC logrando la extracción de 4900 huevos que sometidos a incubación en las incubadoras artesanales determinaron la producción de 3932 larvas con una sobrevivencia de 80.8%. La operación del módulo de producción de semilla de tilapia nilótica fue técnicamente viable en La Libertad

The study was performed in order to identify the feasibility of operating a demonstration module production seed Nile tilapia in La Libertad. They told rearing tanks with aeration system and water recirculation supplemented with probiotic administration. Brood fish were acquired in Moyobamba, San Martin and after receipt underwent a selection process based on morphological characteristics that offer advantage for meat production. In breeding adults was established relationship female male 3: 1. They were examined periodically females to collect eggs or larvae in their mouth for handling in artisanal incubators. They were evaluated the physical and chemical variables units incubation and breeding for the purpose of monitoring and control of water quality observing demonstration module temperature levels of 16.6 and 29 °C without the survival of being affected species. The highest frequency of spawning occurred in the summer season with temperature levels of 29 °C making the extraction and incubation of 4900 eggs in artisanal incubators determining a production of 3932 juvenile fish with a survival of 80.8%. The module operation seed production was technically feasible for Nile tilapia in La Libertad

**Phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity of the native Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Huagalina variety in La Libertad - Peru**

Potato is grown and consumed throughout the world for their particular calorific nutritional value and vitamin C, but it also contains phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) that have been studied and found to have positive effects in preventing degenerative diseases in human health, such as hypertensive activity, and also atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, liver fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration and cancer. We aimed to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in potatoes grown on El Zuro (EZ) and Huayatan Alto (HA) in Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad, Peru. The field trials were carried out in EZ (altitude 3750 m.a.s.l.) and HA (altitude 3150 m.a.s.l.) employing organic and inorganic fertilization respectively. Extraction from the peel and flesh was obtained separately, with the following solution: 50% methanol, 50% deionized water and 0.5% acetic acid. The sample was injected into the system UPLC - MS / MS, using ESI ionization (Electrospray Ionization) and fifteen external reference standards. Thirteen metabolites were detected in the flesh and potato peel. The highest content of secondary metabolites (mg/100 g DW) were: Chlorogenic acid (476.82 ± 63.58), neochlorogenic acid (87.90 ± 19.42) caffeic acid (77.53 ± 14.49) and vanillin (11.52 ± 1.38). The PCA (Principal Components Analysis) scores show that the highest concentration of metabolites was found in the peel of both cultivars. We concluded that the native potato Huagalina contains the genes expressed in different biosynthetic pathways of the metabolites found in this study

Sustratos orgánicos en la producción de plantas de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.)

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia del compuesto orgánico en la producción de plantas de capirona. El experimento fue realizado en el Centro de Investigaciones Dale E. Bandy del IIAP Ucayali. Los tratamientos fueron distribuidos mediante un Diseño Completos al Azar (DCA), con 5 tratamientos 3 repeticiones y 10 plantas por unidad experimental, los tratamientos fueron: T1 [Tierra aluvial]; T2 [tierra agrícola]; T3 [Tierra aluvial + tierra agrícola (1:1)]; T4 [Tierra aluvial + cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza (1:1:1)] y T5 [Tierra Agrícola+ cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza (1:1:1]. Las variables evaluadas al final del experimento fueron altura de planta (H) (cm); diámetro basal (DB) (mm); número de hojas; relación altura y diámetro basal (H∕DB); masa seca de la parte aérea (MSPA) (g); masa seca de la raíz (MSR) (g) e índice de calidad de Dickson (IQD). Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos T4 y T5 presentaron diferencias significativas superiores en todas las variables evaluadas en relación a los otros tratamientos. En ese sentido se concluye que los sustratos [Tierra aluvial + cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza] y [Tierra Agrícola+ cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza], provenientes de residuos de origen animal y vegetal proporcionaron mayor eficiencia en el crecimiento y mejor calidad de plantas de capirona aptas para campo definitivo

This work was to evaluate the influence of the organic compound in the production of plants capirona. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center Dale E. Bandy the IIAP Ucayali. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete (DCA) design with 5 treatments 3 replications and 10 plants per experimental unit, the treatments were: T1 [alluvial soil]; T2 [agricultural soil]; T3 [alluvial soil + agricultural soil (1: 1)]; T4 [alluvial soil + rice hull + chicken manure (1: 1: 1)] and T5 [agricultural soil + rice hull + chicken manure (1: 1: 1]. The variables evaluated at the end of the experiment were plant height (H) (cm), basal diameter (BD) (mm), number of leaves, relative height and basal diameter (H/BD), dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP) (g) dry weight of the root (DWR) (g) and quality index Dickson (QID). The results show that the T4 and T5 treatments, had higher significant differences in all variables evaluated in relation to other treatments. In that sense it is concluded that the substrates [alluvial soil + rice hull chicken manure] and [agricultural soil + rice hull + chicken manure], waste from animal and vegetable sources provided greater efficiency and better quality growth of plants capirona suitable for definitive field