Scientia Agropecuaria

Exploring the perception and sensory acceptance of a Peruvian purple maize breakfast cereal by Brazilian consumers

Abstract This study aimed to explore the perception and sensory acceptance of Purple Maize (PM) breakfast cereals by a Brazilian panel. The extrudates were elaborated using 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% PM in a commercial yellow corn base. A total of 117 consumers evaluated samples through an acceptability test (nine-point hedonic scale) followed by CATA questions (35 descriptive terms) and a market research questionnaire. The cereals formulated with 50% and 75% PM had the best scores (6) in color, aroma, texture, and overall liking during the acceptability test. Based on the penalty-lift analysis, Brazilian consumers' most important drivers of preference were the attractive color, crispy texture, and the natural and innovative purple color. In contrast, hard texture and brown color drivers negatively impacted the scores. In the market research, consumers indicated that they could eat the product both as a breakfast cereal and as a snack during the day; Likewise, they highlighted the possible health benefits, the innovative color, and the use of exotic raw materials as the best characteristics of the product. Therefore, using 50% PM or more allows for obtaining sustainable and nutritious breakfast cereals with characteristics of color, flavor, and texture well accepted by Brazilian consumers.

Rhizospheric actinobacteria of Opuntia sp. “prickly pear” with deaminase activity as growth promoting in Solanum lycopersicum L. under salinity stress

Abstract The growing of Solanum lycopersicum L. "tomato" is affected by salinity, reducing its water consumption, and affecting negatively plant growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to seek sustainable cultivation and fertilization options, such as the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. This research aimed to determine the potential of rhizospheric Actinobacteria isolated from Opuntia sp. "prickly pear" as tomato growth promoting under salinity. The genera of isolated Actinobacteria were identified, the synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACC) was characterized and its effect on the germination of tomato cultivar Río Grande seeds was evaluated. Two tests on non-saline and saline soils were carried out to compare the effect of Streptomyces spp. and Nocardia sp. in plant development in the greenhouse. Several Actinobacteria genera were isolated from 87.03% of samples, highlighting Streptomyces (46.67%) and Nocardia (34.0%). 9.33% of the Actinobacteria presented ACC deaminase activity, which increased seed germination, and the growth and yield of seedlings with increases of 88.98% (height); 96.30% (number of sheets); 201.35% (aerial biomass); 173.77% (root length); 100.0% (root weight); 150.0% (number of fruits) and 173.14% (weight of fruits), as well as 1.37 mg/g in the chlorophyll content in the saline soil. Also, Streptomyces sp. strain 21 decreased sodium content and increased potassium and K+/Na+ rate in the leaves and roots of the plants with the highest yield (1.068 kg/plant) in the saline soil. In conclusion, the positive effect of Actinobacteria as promoters of tomato growth and yield, increasing chlorophyll content, and decreasing salinity stress was demonstrated.

Silver nanoparticles and cellulose microfiber micro-composite from banana (Musa acuminata) waste: green synthesis, antioxidant property and antimicrobial capacity

Abstract The green chemistry promotes the synthesis of nanomaterials from plant extracts as a new climate intelligent alternative to the use of conventional protocols based on costly and toxic chemicals. Therefore, this research was undertaken to analyses the efficiency of banana (peels and rachis) waste extracts in the production of a micro-composite composed by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cellulose microfibers (CMF) respectively. Results showed the synthesis of 24 nm diameter spherical particles AgNPs, with a peak of absorbance at 410 nm, in (v/v) water:ethanol extracts of banana peels at a final dilution of 3.10-2. Concomitantly, 50-350 µm in length and 5-10 µm of diameter CMF were obtained via the oxalic acid hydrolysis of the oven-dried banana rachis. The micro-composite (AgNPs-CMF) and AgNPs displayed an active reducing capacity over 60% determined by the DPPH test, and active bacterial activity against E. Coli and S. aureus in Petri dishes. Overall results support the use of banana waste for the synthesis of AgNPs and CMF for industrial purposes.

Anatomical and variation of physical properties in the axial direction of three bamboo species in the eastern Amazon of Peru

Abstract Bamboos are abundant and versatile, hence their growing interest throughout the world in a variety of uses, however, there is little technical information on the anatomy and physical properties that are important to further expand and diversify its uses. For them, the objective was to characterize the anatomy and variation in the axial direction of the physical properties of the three bamboo species in the Madre de Dios region. For this, the bamboo species were collected: Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa apus, and Guadua weberbaueri were through destructive methods, collecting three culms from different bushes and obtaining samples at different heights of the culm (base, intermediate and apex). The anatomy was performed at the base of the culm and the physical properties at the three axial positions. The results show that at the anatomical level, there is a difference between the three species mainly due to the vascular bundles, on the physical properties there was also a difference between species and the variation in the axial direction there was variation in the three positions, in addition, the grouping analysis showed that the species Bambusa vulgaris and Gigantochloa apu form a group due to their anatomical characteristics and physical properties, while Guadua weberbaueri was not grouped with either. Finally, the appropriate uses of the three bamboo species are directly related to their anatomy and physical properties, being key to their sustainable use in tropical forests.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure

Abstract The purple corn cob is an agro-industrial by-product that contains high-value bioactive compounds, which makes its use attractive for the development of extraction processes. The aim of this research was to extract the bioactive compounds from the purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure at different processing temperatures. Pressures of 0.01 MPa, 250 MPa, 450 MPa and 650 MPa for 3 minutes and at temperatures of 25 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C were used. High pressure extraction was compared with conventional extraction (2.5 h at 25°C). The purple corn cob extract obtained by isostatic processing at 650 MPa and 65 °C presented high antioxidant activity and content of bioactive compounds, unlike the conventional extraction of 2.5 h and 65 °C (p < 0.05). However, it did not show a significant difference with the extract obtained at 450 MPa and 45 °C (p > 0.05). Seven different anthocyanins were identified by liquid chromatography in the extracts obtained by high isostatic pressure (650 MPa at 65 °C) and hydroalcoholic maceration (2.5 h at 65 °C), mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, and their respective malonyl derivatives. The high isostatic pressure increased the extraction of bioactive compounds by more than 50% and obtained them in shorter times, thus appearing as a new alternative, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant tissues.

Bioindicator nematodes in relation to an abiotic stress gradient in soils influenced by mining

Abstract The attributes of nematodes are presented as valuable tools for determining the quality of soil, especially that of mining companies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of nematodes against a stress gradient in a rainy season and a dry season in soils influenced by mining. Thus, field sampling was carried out over 100 m2 in triplicate for four types of soils classified according to their uses (pasture, maize cultivation, fig cultivation, and eucalyptus cultivation), and these areas were located on the periphery (500 to 1500 m) of the Ollachea mining community of Puno in Peru; subsequently, the samples were processed in the laboratory to determine edaphic, agrochemical, heavy metal, and microbiological parameters and identify the nematodes. The abiotic stress gradient was determined by a principal component analysis; and through a canonical correlation analysis, the relationships between the abiotic stress gradient and the nematodes were determined. Canonical correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations: in the rainy season, Helicotylenchus and vanadium (r = 0.99), Globodera and titanium (r = 0.97), and Tylenchus and lead (r = 0.96); in the dry season: Meloidogyne and vanadium (r = 0.99), and Hemicycliophora and lead (r = 0.91). In conclusion, the abiotic stress gradient had a high correlation with bacterivorous, fungivorous, and phytoparasitic nematodes and a low correlation with omnivorous and predatory nematodes, showing the bioindicator capacity of nematodes in relation to stress parameters that impact soil quality.

Relationships between the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) and soil properties in agriculture: A meta-analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) and soil properties that make its adoption widely used in agriculture. For this, 25 papers related to the VESS (2009-2022) were considered, and information on the soil property: bulk density (BD), total soil porosity (TP), soil penetration resistance (PR), macroporosity, microporosity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and mean weight diameter of stable aggregates (MWD). The sample size (n=120 cases), and the correlation coefficient were extracted. A meta-analysis was carried out to obtain a global measure of the correlation between the VESS and soil properties. In the first instance, a fixed effects model was fitted for the correlation (effect size as the response variable in the meta-analysis). Subsequently, a random effects model was fitted for the correlation, followed by a subgroup analysis according to soil properties, due to the presence of high heterogeneity. The overall effect (average correlation coefficient) of the fitted random effects model was 0.31 with a confidence interval of 0.22-0.41. The heterogeneity between studies was high (I 2: 94%) and statistically significant (p<0.001). Although it is moderate, the average correlation in practical terms may be sufficient. There were significant differences in some average correlations of some categories, such as BD, PR, TP, and microporosity. The weights reported for the BD, SOC, and PR were 29.7%, 16.4%, and 14.2%, respectively. The greatest contribution to the global effect of correlation between VESS and soil properties is provided by BD. The VESS is a reliable semi-quantitative method to assess soil quality and could be considered a promising visual predictor of soil physical properties such as BD, SOC, and PR. Periodic evaluation of structural quality should be an important aspect of soil quality management, improving the predictive level of soil properties.

Fungal biomass potential: production and bioremediation mechanisms of heavy metals from municipal organic solid waste compost

Resumen El compost producido en base a residuos sólidos orgánicos municipales/ urbano (RSOM/U), es un valioso recurso como biofertilizante para la agricultura, jardinería, actividad forestal y sobre todo para la remediación de suelos, cuya producción contribuye al desarrollo sustentable a través del reciclado de materia orgánica y nutrientes. Sin embargo, debido a las materias primas utilizadas, el compost puede tener un contenido significativo de metales pesados como: cadmio (Cd), plomo (Pb), arsénico (As), mercurio (Hg) y selenio (Se), y contaminantes como oligoelementos potencialmente tóxicos que perjudican la salud humana. Estos componentes se pueden acumular en los tejidos vegetales por absorción, dando lugar a la posibilidad de ser biodisponibles para humanos y animales. La biorremediación fúngica de metales pesados en compost de RSOM/U, es altamente eficiente, económico, disponible y amigable con el medio ambiente, por ello la remoción de metales mediante esta técnica es prioritaria, si la finalidad es el uso en suelos agrícolas. La revisión sintetiza los estudios basados en el potencial de la biomasa fúngica para la biorremediación de metales pesados en compost de RSOM/U, reportándose información del compost a base de RSOM/U, producción de biomasa fúngica y mecanismos de biorremediación de metales pesados por biomasa fúngica. En conclusión, la biorremediación de metales pesados utilizando la biomasa fúngica en compost de RSOM/U, con una segregación adecuada de la materia prima, aunado a la biorremediación, podría mejorar la remoción de metales pesados en compost de RSOM/U, y podría ser una alternativa ecológica y viable, que debe ser valorada intensificando su uso.

Abstract The compost produced based on municipal/urban organic solid waste (RSOM/U), is a valuable resource as a biofertilizer for agriculture, gardening, forestry and especially for soil remediation, whose production contributes to sustainable development through recycling of organic matter and nutrients. However, due to the raw materials used, the compost can have a significant content of heavy metals such as: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se), and contaminants such as potentially toxic trace elements that harm human health. These components can accumulate in plant tissues by absorption, giving rise to the possibility of being bioavailable to humans and animals. The fungal bioremediation of heavy metals in RSOM/U compost is highly efficient, cost-effective, available and friendly to the environment, therefore the removal of metals through this technique is a priority, if the purpose is to use it in agricultural soils. This review summarizes the studies based on the potential of fungal biomass for the bioremediation of heavy metals in RSOM/U compost, reporting information on RSOM/U-based compost, fungal biomass production and mechanisms of bioremediation of heavy metals by fungal biomass. In conclusion, the bioremediation of heavy metals using the fungal biomass in RSOM/U compost, with adequate segregation of raw material, coupled with bioremediation, could improve the removal of heavy metals in RSOM/U compost, and could be an ecological and viable alternative, which must be valued by intensifying its use.

Vanilla cultivation in Mexico: Typology, characteristics, production, agroindustrial prospective and biotechnological innovations as a sustainability strategy

Resumen La vainilla es la orquídea de mayor interés económico para el mundo, pues de ella se obtiene la especia del mismo nombre. De su vaina madurada se obtiene la vainillina, este compuesto es altamente reconocido y demandado por las industrias gastronómica, farmacéutica y cosmética por el dulce aroma y sabor que emana. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura para poner en perspectiva al lector sobre las estrategias de sustentabilidad en la industria vainillera en México, así como las innovaciones de propagación y conservación in vitro de germoplasma de Vanilla planifolia. A pesar de ser originaria de México, este país ocupa el tercer lugar de producción mundial, antecediendo a Madagascar e Indonesia. En esta recopilación de estudios se presentan técnicas biotecnológicas para incrementar la producción de vainilla, así como alternativas que puedan mitigar los efectos negativos provocados por la poca variabilidad genética en esta especie, como el cultivo de tejidos vegetales, uso de marcadores moleculares para el estudio de la variación somaclonal, germinación asimbiótica de semillas en condiciones in vitro. Estas técnicas en conjunto con estrategias agroindustriales pueden representar una alternativa sustentable de producción de vainilla. En el presente artículo se sugieren estrategias que permitan tomar decisiones adecuadas a los interesados en la producción de vainilla, sin embargo, es necesario el desarrollo de estudios multidisciplinario que permitan tener un enfoque global sobre los fenómenos involucrados en la producción y aprovechamiento de vainilla, así como la resolución de los problemas que este proceso enfrenta.

Abstract Vanilla is the orchid of greatest economic interest to the world since the spice of the same name is obtained from it. Vanillin is obtained from its ripened pod, this compound is highly recognized and demanded by the gastronomic, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for the sweet aroma and flavor it emanates. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review to put into perspective the reader about the sustainability strategies in the vanilla industry in Mexico, as well as the innovations of propagation and in vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia germplasm. Despite being originally from Mexico, this country ranks third in world production, preceding Madagascar, and Indonesia. This compilation of studies presents biotechnological techniques to increase vanilla production, as well as alternatives that can reduce the negative effects caused by the low genetic accumulation in this species, such as plant tissue culture, use of molecular markers for the study of somaclonal variation, asymbiotic seed germination under in vitro conditions. These techniques together with agro-industrial strategies can represent a sustainable alternative for vanilla production. In this article, strategies are suggested that allow those interested in vanilla production to make appropriate decisions, however, it is necessary to develop multidisciplinary studies that allow a global approach to the phenomena involved in the production and use of vanilla, as well as the resolution of the problems that this process faces.

The language model based on sensitive artificial intelligence - ChatGPT: Bibliometric analysis and possible uses in agriculture and livestock

Resumen ChatGPT su suma a la lista de sistemas basados en inteligencia artificial diseñados para realizar tareas específicas y responder preguntas mediante la interacción con los usuarios (Siri de Apple, Alexa de Amazon, Assistant y Bard de Google, Cortana de Microsoft, Watson de IBM, Bixby de Samsung, entre otros). ChatGPT funciona utilizando el modelo de lenguaje GPT (Transformador Preentrenado Generativo) de OpenAI y es capaz de aprender de las preferencias y patrones de comportamiento de los usuarios para personalizar su respuesta. ChatGPT tiene el potencial de ser aplicado en diferentes ámbitos, siendo la educación, periodismo, redacción científica, comunicación, biología celular, biotecnología, donde ya existen evidencias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las posibles aplicaciones de ChatGPT en la industria agrícola y pecuaria. En primer lugar, fue realizado un análisis cenciométrico con VosViewer y Bibliometrix (Bliblioshiny). Se identificaron 3 clústeres: (a) Característica principales; (b) sistemas de aprendizaje que utiliza; y (c) aplicaciones. A la pregunta ¿Cuáles son las principales aplicaciones en que ChatGTP revolucionará la agricultura (o pecuaria) en el mundo? ChatGPT respondió: (a) en el ámbito agrícola: mejora de la toma de decisiones agrícolas, optimización de la producción agrícola, detección y prevención de enfermedades de las plantas, gestión del clima y gestión de la cadena de suministro; y (b) en el campo pecuario: mejora de la salud y el bienestar animal, optimización de la producción animal, gestión de la cadena de suministro, detección y prevención de enfermedades zoonóticas y gestión del clima para la producción animal. ChatGPT no fundamenta científicamente su respuesta, pero del análisis realizado, encontramos que existe suficiente evidencia científica para concluir, en este caso, que sus respuestas fueron correctas. Si bien ChatGPT no necesariamente fundamenta científicamente sus respuestas, los usuarios deberían hacerlo. Faltan estudios del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial y su relación con la ética.

Abstract ChatGPT adds to the list of artificial intelligence-based systems designed to perform specific tasks and answer questions by interacting with users (Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, Google's Assistant and Bard, Microsoft's Cortana, IBM's Watson, Bixby from Samsung, among others). ChatGPT works using OpenAI's GPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer) language model and is capable of learning from users' preferences and behavior patterns to customize its response. ChatGPT has the potential to be applied in different fields, including education, journalism, scientific writing, communication, cell biology, and biotechnology, where there is already evidence. The aim of this work was to analyze the possible applications of ChatGPT in the agricultural and livestock industry. First, a scientometric analysis was performed with VosViewer and Bibliometrix (Bliblioshiny). 3 clusters were identified: (a) Main characteristics; (b) learning systems you use; and (c) applications. To the question: What are the main applications in which ChatGTP will revolutionize agriculture (or livestock) in the world? ChatGPT responded: (a) in the agricultural field: improvement of agricultural decision-making, optimization of agricultural production, detection and prevention of plant diseases, climate management, and supply chain management; and (b) in the livestock field: improvement of animal health and welfare, optimization of animal production, supply chain management, detection and prevention of zoonotic diseases, and climate management for animal production. ChatGPT does not scientifically support its answer, but from the analysis carried out, we find that there is enough scientific evidence to conclude, in this case, that its answers were correct. While ChatGPT does not necessarily scientifically substantiate its answers, users should. There is a lack of studies on the use of Artificial Intelligence and its relationship with ethics.

Speed shear rate impact on the properties of OSA-modified potato starch

Abstract The reaction between starch granules and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is regularly retarded due to the low breakthrough of large oily OSA droplets into starch granules in an aqueous reaction system. Furthermore, high-speed shearing is widely used in the food industry, demanding high shear, cavitation, and collision force. In this sense, high-speed shearing could reduce the size of OSA droplets and promote a more homogeneous distribution of groups in the starch granule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of OSA potato starch synthesis assisted by high-speed shear on structure (SEM and FTIR), gelatinization, rheology, and emulsifying activity (ES and AS) was investigated. The results showed a gradual increase in DS proportional to the applied speed. Likewise, the OSA starches showed a slight alteration in the shape of the granules (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption of the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA starch at 1724 cm-1. The high-speed shear-treated starches exhibited a significant change in the reduction of the initial gelatinization temperature, although not in the enthalpy. All the gels presented rheology adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley model with variations in the initial shear stress. Changes in the viscoelastic behavior are proportional to the shear rate detected. High-speed shear treatment did not show a significant effect on emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion activity (EA). Consequently, applying high shear rates allows having OSA starches with different uses.

Protocol for ex vitro and in vitro micropropagation of Cucurbita moschata and C. ecuadorensis, native to Peru and Ecuador, of nutritional and medicinal importance

Abstract Cucurbitaceae species constitute a family with a wide worldwide distribution and great nutritional and medicinal importance. The Cucurbita genus is the most important of the family with valuable species such as C. maxima and C. moschata. However, the large-scale production of sex specific plants using the conventional propagation methods has various limitations. The tissue culture such as micropropagation can help overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for ex vitro and in vitro clonal propagation of two varieties of Cucurbita moschata: ‘loche’, a variety of commercial vegetative propagation and endemic in Lambayeque, and ‘chuyán’ another variety of very restricted cultivation in some Andean regions of the north of the Peru. Likewise, the in vitro propagation of ‘chisguín’ (C. ecuadorensis), a threatened endemic wild species from the coast of Ecuador. ‘Loche’ was propagated ex vitro by microcutting with a node and leaf, and micropropagated in MS culture medium supplemented with 0.02 mg L-1 IAA and 0.02 mg L-1 GA3. Seedlings of ‘chuyán’ and ‘chisguin’ were micropropagated in MS with with 0.02 mg L-1 IAA, 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 0.02 mg L-1 GA3. This study constitutes the first report on micropropagation of Peruvian and Ecuadorian varieties and species of the Cucurbita genus.

Systematic review of risk perception of farmers in the face of drought: influencing factors, perceived contents, adaptation strategies and related practices

Resumen La sequía, es un evento climático extremo que genera grandes impactos y pérdidas en la agricultura, provocando el aumento de la inseguridad alimentaria global e insostenibilidad de medios de vida rurales. A partir de esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios empíricos que han reportado la relación entre percepción de riesgo y las estrategias de adaptación de agricultores ante la sequía. Para esto, la revisión siguió los lineamientos y recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Web of Science, Scopus y EBSCO. En total, se revisaron 50 estudios empíricos, en español y en inglés, publicados entre los años 2010 y 2021, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Los resultados destacan la presencia de distintos factores que influyen en la percepción de riesgo (años de experiencia, el nivel de escolaridad, entre otros) y sobre las estrategias de adaptación (tamaño de la finca, sexo, acceso a crédito, etc.). Por último, se identificaron los efectos de la sequía a nivel de cultivos, ganado, personales y ambientales. A modo de conclusión, discutimos sus implicaciones y limitaciones, relevando la ausencia de estudios en la región latinoamericana y en idioma español. Estudios futuros deben hacerse con una perspectiva basada en el lugar, bajo la cual se puedan reconocer saberes, creencias, prácticas y acciones adaptativas. Por otro lado, se deben proponer e implementar políticas y programas de mitigación ante en el cambio climático a escala local.

Abstract Drought is an extreme climatic event that generates large impacts and losses in agriculture, causing the increase of global food insecurity and unsustainability of rural livelihoods. Based on this, the objective of this research was to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that have reported the relationship between risk perception and adaptive strategies of farmers in the face of drought. For this reason, the review followed the guidelines and recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted were Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO. In total, 50 empirical studies, in Spanish and English, published between 2010 and 2021, that met the selection criteria were reviewed. The results highlight thdifferent factors influencingisk perception (years of experience, level of schooling, among others) and adaptation strategies (farm size, gender, access to credit, etc.). Finally, the effects of drought at the crop, livestock, personal and environmental levels were identified. In conclusion, we discuss its implications and limitations, highlighting the absence of studies in the Latin American region and in Spanish language. Future studies should be done with a place-based perspective, under which adaptive knowledge, beliefs, practices and actions can be recognized. On the other hand, climate change mitigation policies and programs must be proposed and implemented at a local scale.

Identification of flavonoids by HPLC-MS in fruit waste of Latin America: A systematic review

Abstract Fruit waste is rich in phenolic compounds, including flavonoids with pharmacological potential for health, nutraceutical and technological properties. To characterize them, High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used, used for its high separation efficiency by HPLC and structural information from MS, a technique that allows analyzing a wide range of analytes in plant matrices. This study aims was to perform a systematic analysis based in SCOPUS of scientific productions of studies on techniques for detection and identification of flavonoids by HPLC-MS in fruit waste available in Latin America, between the years 2010-2022. Thus, the countries with the highest scientific production are Brazil (58.9%), Mexico (16.1%), Chile (9.2%), Argentina (7.1%) and Colombia (3.8%). There were also studies in collaboration with researchers from the USA and Europe. A total of 15.1% of the studies used HPLC-MS for determining these compounds, generally related to by-products of native or non-traditional fruits. It is known that agro-industrial waste matrices are chemically complex, being necessary analytical techniques such as HPLC-MS, which awakens interest for their study and the possibility of being isolated from vegetable by-products such as fruits. This is a green technology alternative to achieve sustainable use of this waste and be exploited by the food industry.