Abstract

CUSTODIO, Nilton et al. New clinical terms, prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment: A review of evidence-based literature. Rev Neuropsiquiatr [online]. 2016, vol.79, n.3, pp.152-165. ISSN 0034-8597.

Vascular cognitive impairment is a label ascribed to cases in which the cognitive impairment can be attributed to cerebral vascular disease, is greater than the expected for normal aging and, when affecting the activities of daily life, is called vascular dementia. In this review, the terms related to vascular cognitive impairment, are updated, and strategies for prevention and treatment, based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses are outlined. In the first part,various vascular cognitive impairment-related terms are defined; in the second part, the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment / vascular dementia is described: it includes, management steps oriented towards primary prevention,controlling risk factors; a secondary treatment aimed at the prevention of exacerbation or extension of lesions produced by the vascular brain injuries and, finally, the tertiary or symptomatic treatment of cognitive and/or behavioral manifestations. Special emphasis is placed on, and the convenience and benefits of the primary and secondary treatments are substantiated.

Keywords : Dementia; vascular dementia; primary prevention; secondary prevention; tertiary prevention; treatment.

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