Abstract

HINOJOSA-ANDIA, Lucy Johanna  and  DEL CARPIO-JAYO, Daniel. Bacteremia associated with febrile neutropenia in hematology-oncology patients, bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Rev Med Hered [online]. 2014, vol.25, n.1, pp.22-29. ISSN 1729-214X.

Febrile neutropenia is one of the most common complications in hematologic patients and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Microbiological documentation is an invaluable tool for treatment of these patients. However, the changing trends in the etiology of bacteremia, and the changing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns compromise the response to empiric treatment. Objective: To determine the etiology of bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and degree of resistance to existing drugs commonly used in empirical treatment regimens. Methods: We reviewed clinical records and microbiological data of hematological patients admitted in the HNERM between December 2010 and March 2012. Data were analyzed using the statistical package STATA v. 10 and descriptive statistics were used. Results: Bacteremia was mainly caused by Gram negative bacteria (75.9%), and by Gram positive (63.6%) after consolidation treatment of AML with Ara - C. The mortality of patients with bacteremia post re-induction was 75 %, and was associated with ESBL + Klebsiella pneumoniae in 31.2 %. Conclusions: Gram negative bacteria were the most common cause of bacteremia in our study, particularly in patients who received re-induction chemotherapy, where resistance and mortality rates were very high. Gram positive bacteremia follow consolidation chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine for AML. Carbapenems and amoxicillin / clavulanate showed significantly less resistance than cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Keywords : Neutropenia; bacteremia; immunocompromised host; hematology; antibiogram.

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