Abstract

CIEZA ZEVALLOS, Javier Antonio  and  ORIHUELA JESUS, Christian Bryan. Characteristics of serum electrolytes of adult patients who come by medical emergency to a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Rev Med Hered [online]. 2018, vol.29, n.3, pp.158-167. ISSN 1018-130X.  http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v29i3.3404.

Patients with malnutrition who demand emergency services in Lima-MINSA hospitals, is considerable and could be related to alterations of the internal medium. Having an objective idea how this feature can be relevant in this patients demand is important. Objectives: To study the magnitude and importance of electrolyte alterations in hospitalized patients in the emergency of a level III hospital (MINSA Lima-Perú). Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross- sectional study of electrolytes in patients who attended the emergency service of adults of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (Lima-Perú) in September 2016, selected by chance and admitted for observation> 48 hours. The level of serum albumin, azotemia and coexisting gasometry at the time of electrolyte control was considered. Results: The highest frequency of electrolyte alteration observed in 206 patients was hypocalcemia (46.7%); followed by hyperphosphatemia (32.3%), hyponatremia (24.7%) and hypermagnesemia (18.9%). Hypoalbuminemia <3.0 g/ dl was present in 50.56% and <2.6g/dl in 31.4%. Albuminemia only had a significant correlation with calcemia (r=0.47; p=0.002) and natremia (r=0.233; p=0.028). Hyperphosphatemia was related to a model dependent on serum creatinine, respiratory alkalosis and cancer. Both, hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were related with low and high creatinine and urea values respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of patients with hypoalbuminemia who demanded emergency services was remarkably high, and their most relevant relationship was related to calcemia and natremia disturbances. Other relevant disturbances were related to magnesium, a situation that requires more exhaustive study.

Keywords : Ambulatory care; adult; electrolytes; hipoalbuminemia.

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