Resumen

PUGA, Soraya et al. Contaminación por metales pesados en suelo provocada por la industria minera: Heavy metals pollution in soils damaged by mining industry. Ecol. apl. [online]. 2006, vol.5, n.1-2, pp.149-155. ISSN 1726-2216.

Mining in the study area has been carried out for several centuries, causing environmental alterations, generating poor soils for plant establishment and health hazards for humans. The objective was to evaluate presence of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Arsenic in soil with variables: distance to the pollution source and soil depth, hence determining relations with soil physical-chemical characteristics. The study area is located south of Chihuahua State. Sampling sites were placed in the area of the mine tailing. These sites covered a lineal area of 3 km following downward directions to the dominant winds beginning from the pollution source, and taken every 300 m. Ten sites provided thirty soil samples for the analysis of metal concentrations, and for physical-chemical characteristics, from three different soil depths: 0-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm. Metal concentrations were evaluated through ICP technique. Samples containing small concentrations were read with atomic absorption. A "Regression Analysis Model" was used. The results obtained show that the highest element concentrations were for the sites closest to the tailing deposits, and decreasing with the distances away from the main source. The two sites closest to tailing deposits had higher metal levels in lower soil layers than at the soil surface except for Cadmium. Concentration limits of these metals are higher than any limits recommended by international agencies. Distance to tailing deposits associated with the concentration of all elements. Arsenic correlated with soil texture and organic matter, Lead with texture, Zinc with distance and Cadmium with soil pH and depth.

Palabras clave : soil pollution; mines; tailings; heavy metals.

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