Abstract

ARCOS, Nelson et al. Combustion of soot from foundry sands using bulk catalysts based on nickel (II) AND CERIUM (IV) oxides: preparation, characterization, and kinetic study. Rev. Soc. Quím. Perú [online]. 2023, vol.89, n.3, pp.194-212.  Epub Mar 30, 2023. ISSN 1810-634X.  http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v89i3.438.

The soot generated in foundry sands is an impediment to the reuse of the sands due to its contamination, therefore catalytic oxidation is necessary to increase the rate of soot oxidation at lower temperatures, improving the energy and environmental efficiency of the recovery process. NiO-CeO2 mixed oxides catalysts were prepared by solvent evaporation method with Ni:Ce molar ratios of 0.5:9.5, 1:9, 5:5, and 9:1, represented as Ni0.5Ce9.5, Ni1Ce9, Ni5Ce5 y Ni9Ce1, respectively and the precursors as CeO2 and NiO catalyst were also prepared through the same method. All the samples were characterized by different techniques based on their chemical, structural, morphological, textural composition, and redox properties. Characterization techniques were N2 sorption (BET method), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), H2 temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2), Raman laser spectroscopy (LRS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The catalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated by TGA under synthetic air as feed gas under tight contact for soot combustion. Calcinations at 800°C and 600°C of the mixed catalysts showed a low specific surface area (3-74 m2 g-1) with average crystallite sizes that varied with the different NiCe values (9-22 nm). However, an increase in the volume of the mesoporous pore was observed, an important parameter for the oxidation of soot with air. Likewise, the X-ray diffractograms of the NiCe catalysts showed a partial introduction of the Ni2+ ions to the CeO2 fluorite lattice through a displacement with respect to the initial position of the CeO2 diffractogram. The catalyst Ni0.5Ce9.5 (600), obtained the best catalytic activity (T50 =519.43 °C) compared to the catalysts Ni1Ce9, Ni5Ce5 y Ni9Ce1 and CeO2 calcined at 800°C and 600 °C. The soot oxidation kinetics were reported, where the activation energy (Ea) was determined, both for catalyzed and non-catalyzed soot under TGA with air flow. Therefore, it was concluded that the catalyst Ni0.5Ce9.5 (600) effectively improved the catalytic activity of the catalyst (Ea = 73 kJ mol-1) and reduced the combustion temperature, which generates the removal of soot at a lower temperature.

Keywords : soot; mixed oxides; solvent evaporation, kinetic.

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