Abstract

GUARNIZ-BENITES, Jeniffer  and  VALDEZ-ARANA, Jenny Del Carmen. Morphological identification of mycotoxigenic fungi in accessions of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) of the peruvian coast and sierra. Scientia Agropecuaria [online]. 2019, vol.10, n.3, pp.327-336. ISSN 2077-9917.  http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.03.02.

The objective of the research was to identify mycotoxigenic molds in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Quinoa seeds were sown in the Coast (Lima) and the Sierra (Huancayo). The moisture content (9.22-15.89%) and the content of saponins (0.17- 1.67%) showed no significant differences between the accessions of Costa and Sierra. The quantification of molds in the Costa accessions showed high counts (75*104-10*104 cfu/g) and low counts in the Sierra (50-150 est. cfu/g), being statistically different. There is a negative linear relationship between the content of saponins and the count of molds and yeasts in both groups of accessions of quinoa. The genera identified in Costa include: Cladosporium (40%), Penicillium (30%), Aspergillus (20%) and Trichotecium (10%) and in Sierra: Cladosporium (50%), Penicillium (14%), Talaromyces (14%), Aspergillus (7%), Alternaria (7%) and Oidium (7%). The "total aflatoxins" for Aspergillus ochraceus (100H53) was 2.2 ppb and for Aspergillus fumigatus (235H70) it was 1.1-1.6 ppb. The "ochratoxin A" for Aspergillus ochraceus (100H53) was 3.7-18.1 ppb and for Penicillium verrucosum (53H43 and 53H45) it was 1.0 and 1.1 ppb respectively. The "fumonisins" for Alternaria alternata (100H53) was 0.2 ppm, so all the mentioned molds are considered to be mycotoxigenic conditions that allow to establish conditions of control and prevention in foods.

Keywords : quinoa; saponin; Aspergillus; Penicillum; mycotoxins.

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