Abstract

FLORIDA ROFNER, Nelino et al. Effect of compost and NPK on the levels of microorganisms and cadmium in soil and almond of cocoa. Rev. investig. Altoandin. [online]. 2019, vol.21, n.4, pp.264-273. ISSN 2313-2957.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2019.503.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop for Peru; reports of high cadmium content (Cd²⁺) cause problems for the sector. However, research highlights that organic management improves the microbiological activity of the soil and the absorption of cadmium in almonds. Therefore, the effect of compost and NPK in different soil microbial groups and the available Cd in soils and cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions, where: T1 control, T2 compost (3 000 kg. ha^-1), T3 NPK (84-35-161) and T4: compost (1 500 kg. ha^-1) plus NPK (42-18-80). The population of viable aerobes, actinomycetes, fungi and nitrogen fixers were evaluated using the plate count technique with serial dilutions (10³). The Cd available with 0.05 M EDTA and in almonds by 4: 1 perchloric nitric acid digestion. The population of viable aerobes was 10⁴ UFC / g, actinomycetes 10⁴ to 10⁵, fungi and nitrogen fixers 10³ UFC/g; the Cd in the soil varies from 0.17 to 0.25 µg. g^-1 and in almonds from 0.31 to 0.43 µg. g^-1 No differences (p <0.05) were found between treatments and the different microbial groups, except Cd²⁺ in almonds. It is concluded that the compost showed potential to reduce the Cd in cocoa almonds

Keywords : cocoa CCN-51; available cadmium; cadmium in almonds; compost; NPK; microorganisms.

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