Abstract

LEIVA GONZALEZ, Segundo et al. Natural and cultural diversity of the Shamana Archaeological Complex, Salpo, Otuzco, La Libertad, Peru. Arnaldoa [online]. 2018, vol.25, n.2, pp.703-756. ISSN 1815-8242.  http://dx.doi.org/http://doi.org/10.22497/arnaldoa.252.25220.

The Archaeological Complex and Stone Forest named Shamana, located in Shulgón locality, Salpo district, Otuzco province, La Libertad region, Peru is made up of various remains of pre-Hispanic stone-edged constructions, including housing, spaces like squares, terraces, access control and protection walls, among other elements that chronologically relate to the Early Intermediate and Late Intermediate periods. Also, to the east, there are the Frailones or Frailes that constitute the stone forest where we can observe various stone or litomorphic forms. It is said that ancient Peruvians learned to live with nature and that different species of plants and animals were used in different aspects of their daily lives. The archaeological reconnaissance was made by surface observations. The existing plant communities in the area were determined, indicating their biotypes and floristic and faunal components. The biological study was based on botanical collections and direct field observations of both flora and fauna, made in ten visits to Shamana with irregular periodicity in 2018. The following plant communities were defined: A) Scrublands, B) Rocks and stony areas. In flora there were registered 120 species, 101 genera and 40 families; distributed in five species of ferns, one species of gymnosperm (Ephedra americana), and the rest angiosperms. There were 19 endemic species, the majority being of Least Concern (LC). In fauna, two endemics species of reptiles (Stenocercus latebrosus and S. melanopygus), 42 species of birds and one species of mammal (Lagidium viscacia) were recorded, all categorized as of Minor Concern (LC). Two species of birds are endemic: Metallura phoebe and Leptasthenura pileata.

Keywords : Shamana Archaeological Complex; Stone Forest; Salpo; Otuzco; La Libertad; Peru; natural and cultural diversity.

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