Resumo

LEON MENDOZA, Luis; CASANOVA PAVEL, David; PALMA QUISPE, Justino  e  GONZALEZ CABEZA, José. Agromorphological characterization of mother plants of the “olive” Olea europaea (Oleaceae) germplasm bank in the Tacna region. Arnaldoa [online]. 2021, vol.28, n.3, pp.593-612.  Epub 31-Dez-2021. ISSN 1815-8242.  http://dx.doi.org/10.22497/arnaldoa.283.28307.

In Peru, the olive tree is cultivated for the production of oil and / or olives, with sustainable growth and development, supported by agronomic improvements, incorporation of capital and productive improvement. Olive production is mainly concentrated in the south of the country, with the Tacna region being the fastest growing area, especially in the areas of La Yarada, Los Palos, Magollo and Sama. Therefore, the olive industry requires higher production cultivars, which implies that only commercial varieties are cultivated, while the less commercial ones are restricted, hence the importance of conservation, because several adaptive traits could be used in genetic improvement. In this context, the olive germplasm bank was implemented in the Tacna Agrarian Experimental Station, the objective of this research was to carry out the agromorphological characterization of the mother plants of the olive germplasm bank. The results obtained in the evaluation of fruit, endocarp, leaf and tree in 34 mother plants, are adjusted to the representative characteristics of the varieties in question. The statistical result showed that the endocarp is the characteristic with the highest discriminant and heritable power. The possibility of two synonyms was assumed, one between the Cornezuelo and Cornicabra varieties, the second between Arauco and Sevillana Tacneña, however, the authors recommend carrying out molecular characterization to rule out this possibility. Finally, it is necessary to carry out evaluations in the corresponding accessions of the germplasm bank.

Palavras-chave : Olive tree; agromorphological characterization; endocarp; Tacna Agrarian Experimental Station.

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