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Revista Peruana de Biología

On-line version ISSN 1727-9933

Rev. peru biol. vol.28 no.1 Lima Jan-Mar 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v28i1.19756 

Notas científicas

First record of Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 (Crustacea:Anomopoda: Daphniidae) from Colombia

Primer registro de Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 (Crustacea:Anomopoda: Daphniidae) en Colombia

Juan M. Fuentes-Reinés*  1  4 
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-4271

Pedro Eslava-Eljaiek2 
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1589

Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro3 
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-9753

1 Universidad del Magdalena, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada, Santa Marta, Colombia. AA 731. juanfuentesreines@gmail.com

2 Universidad del Magdalena, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada, Santa Marta, Colombia. AA 731. pemo2002@gmail.com

3 Independent researcher elmoor.loureiro@gmail.com

4 Doctorado en Ciencia Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica.

Abstract

From the analysis of plankton samples from a temporary pond of northern Colombia some female specimen of the daphinid cladoceran Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 was collected. It represents the first report in Colombia and expands its known occurrence in South America. The specimens observed are described and compared with available morphological data of their closest congeners. A brief descriptions of this taxon based on Colombian material is given.

Keywords: Temporary ponds; Taxonomy; New record; distribution; La Guajira

Resumen

A partir del análisis de las muestras de plancton de una charca temporal al noreste de Colombia algunos especímenes hembra del cladócero daphnido Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 fueron colectados. Este representa el primer reporte en Colombia y expande su rango distribucional conocido en Sur América. Los especímenes observados se describen y se comparan con los datos morfológicos disponibles de sus congéneres más cercanos. Una descripción breve de este taxón basado en el material colombiano es dada.

Palabras claves: Charcas temporales; taxonomía; nuevo registro; distribución; La Guajira

The members of the genus Scapholeberis are considered hyponeustonic (Taylor et al. 2020) and most of them have been recorded in the Palaearctic and Neartic region (Kotov et al. 2013). This genus is comprised by ten species: S. mucronata (O. F. Müller, 1776), S. spinifera (Nicolet, 1849), S. armata Herrick, 1882; S. kingii Sars, 1888, S. microcephala Sars, 1890, S. erinaceus Daday, 1903, S. freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983, S. rammneri Dumont and Pensaert, 1983, S. duranguensis Quiroz-Vázquez and Elias-Gutiérrez, 2009, and S. yahuarcaquensis, Andrade-Sossa, Buitron-Caicedo and Elias-Gutiérrez, 2020, (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias-Gutiérrez 2009, Andrade-Sossa, et al. 2020). Of these, S. spinifera, S. rammneri, S. freyi, and S. yahuarcaquensis have good evidence to occur in the Neotropical region (Dumont and Pensaert 1983; Taylor et al. 2020, Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020), while the presumed records of S armata, S. kingi and S. mucrontata are dubious since the former species has distribution Nearctic and the two latter are distributed in the Palearctic region (Dumont & Pensaert 1983). Besides, S. kingii reported in the Neotropic could also have been confused with S. rammneri since this species is confirmed to appear in this region (Taylor et al. 2020). Diversity of Scapholeberis in Neotropical region have been poorly sampled and probably more species of this genus could be found. The study of composition and distribution of the genus Scapholeberis in Colombia is still limited. Hitherto only three species have been recorded in Colombia: S. yahuarcaquensis, S. armata and S. mucronata, (Kotov & Fuentes-Reinés 2015, AndradeSossa et al. 2020).

The aim of this paper is to report on the first record of Scapholeberis freyi for Colombia, which expands this species’ known distributional range in South America, and also to present a brief description of the specimens from this country and South America.

The samples were taken from a small shallow temporary pond located in La Guajira northern Colombia (11°24’33.19" N and 73°03’46.30"W). The sampling water was collected in November 2019 in the littoral areas with vegetation using a bucket of 25 L. Samples were filtered with a zooplankton net (45 μm) to obtain a concentrates a 100 ml and preserved in 70% ethanol with previous addition of a narcotic-like carbon dioxide of soda. The specimens were dissected and the taxonomically relevant appendages were mounted in semi-permanent slides and sealed with Canada balsam. The mounted appendages were photographed using a Kodak Easy Share C140 digital camera adapted to a compound microscope. Specimens were measured in lateral position, from head to the posterior part of the valve. Identifications were according to Dumont and Pensaert (1983) and ElmoorLoureiro (2000).

The voucher specimens were deposited at Museo de Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia (CBUMAG:MEI:0824).

The analyzed specimens (five adult females) fully agreed with the descriptions of Dumont and Pensaert (1983) and Elmoor-Loureiro (2000). Scapholeberis freyi was originally described as S. armata freyi by Dumont and Pensaert (1983), nevertheless this subspecies has been considered as independent species (Kotov et al. 2013, and Taylor et al. 2020). In this manuscript, we also identified S. freyi as independent species, instead of subspecies. In America this species has been previously recorded in Canada, United State of America, Mexico, Paraguay, and Brazil (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, QuirozVázquez & Elias-Gutiérrez 2009, Almeida Castilho et al. 2012). This is the first report for Colombia expanding the occurrence of S. freyi in South America.

General shape oval (Figure 1), rostrum trilobate (Figure 1), with the middle lobe well developed and curved (Figure 1), first antenna short (Figure 1), second antenna with setal formula: 1-1-3/0-0-1-3, basipodite thick with a strong spine in the middle and small denticules on the anterior border (Figure 1), IDL and ODL of limb I with three and two setae (Figure 1), exopod of trunk limb II with 2 feather-like setae, endopod with five apical setae similar in size (Figure 1) and gnathobase with nine setae (Figure 1, Figure 7), exopod of trunk limb III with four apical setae, the third one chitinized and two lateral setae (Figure 7), gnathobase with 19 setae (Figure 7), postabdomen robust, with four large spines in the distal portion (Figure 7), length ratio of the mucro/length of posterior rim of the valve about 1/6 ‒ 1/9 (Figure 7), denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves very fine o inconspicuous (Figure 7), presence membrane hyaline at the posterior riim of valve (Figure 7).

In America this species can be easily confused with its congeners S. yahuarcaquensis, S. armata, and S. duranguensis , but they can be separated by: 1) length ratio of the mucro/length of posterior rim of the valve about 1/6 ‒ 1/9 in S. freyi (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, fig XX:10, Elmoor-Loureiro 2000, figs 2-3, present data, fig. 11) vs. 1/5 ‒ 1/9 in S. armata (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, fig XVIII:5), and 1/4-1/6 in S. duranguensis (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias-Gutierrez 2009, fig. 3A), and S. yahuarcaquensis (Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020, fig. 1A), 2) presence of hyaline membrane at the posterior rim of valve in S. freyi (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, fig XX:9, 10, present data, figs. 12‒13), S. yahuarcaquensis (Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020, fig 2C) and S. duranguensis (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias 2009) while it is absent in S. armata (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias-Gutiérrez 2009); 3) presence of inconspicuous denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves in S. freyi (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, fig XX:9, 10, ElmoorLoureiro 2000, fig 6, present data, figures 12-13) and S. yahuarcaquensis (Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020, fig 2C) vs. conspicuous denticulate membrane in S. armata (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, XVIII:7,13) and S. duranguensis (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias-Gutierrez 2009), 4) gnatobase of limb II with nine setae in S. freyi (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias 2009, fig. 4D, present data, figs. 6-7) and S. yahuarcaquensis (Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020, fig 7B) vs. eight setae in S. duranguensis (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias 2009, fig. 4C) and S. armata (Dumont & Pensaert 1983, fig. XVIII:4), 5) gnatobase of limb III with 19 setae in S. freyi (present data, fig 9) vs. 18 in S. yahuarcaquensis (Andrade-Sossa et al. 2020), 22 setae in A. armata (Dumont & Pensaert 1983) and about 24 setae in S. duranguensis (Quiroz-Vázquez & Elias-Gutiérrez 2009).

Scapholeberis freyi can be easily recognized by its important diagnostic characters such us: 1) rostrum trilobate; 2) inconspicuous or fine denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves; 3) length ratio of the mucro/length of posterior rim of the valve about 1/6 ‒ 1/9; 4) presence membrane hyaline at the posterior rim of valve. These distinctive traits are also characteristic for the specimen from Colombia. Nevertheless some subtle difference was observed in our specimens, 1) the middle lobe of the rostrum is more curved and pronounced vs less curved and pronounced S. freyi reported by Dumont and Pensaert (1983, fig. XX-3), 2) the third apical setae on exopod of trunk limb III chitinized vs. not chitinized in specimens registered by Dumont and Pensaert (1983). However, we do no regard such differences as signs of a separate status of the Colombia population. Unfortunately S. freyi is not fully described and some structures could not be compared for example the number of the setae on gnatobase of trunk limb III, therefore, further studies and molecular analysis is needed.

Total length observed ranged from 518 ‒ 630 µm (mean = 577 µm), being the ovigers female the larger of all (630 µm).

The Colombian populations of S. freyi show an early sexual maturity since this species become reproductive at about 800 µm (Dumont & Pensaert 1983), similar results were reported by Elmoor-Loureiro (2000).

Figure 1-6. Scapholeberis freyi, parthenogenetic female from a temporary pond to northern Colombia. 1. Adult. 2. Rostrum. 3. Idem, middle lobe. 4. Antenna I. 5. IDL and ODL of Limb I. 6. Limb II. 

Figure 7-13. Scapholeberis freyi, parthenogenetic female from a temporary pond to northern Colombia. 7. Ganotabase of limb. II. 8. Limb III. 9. Ganotabase of limb III (the blue spot points at the ganotabase setae and the pink one the endites). 10. Postabdomen. 11-13. Posterior rim of the valve (the arrows point at inconspicuous denticulate membrane) 

Agradecimientos / Acknowledgments:

We thank to Jorge Olivero for his valuable help in the field. The Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología received total support through the Universidad del Magdalena, Vicerrectoria de investigación, Fonciencia 2017

Literature cited

Andrade-Sossa C, Buitron-Caicedo L, Elías-Gutiérrez M. 2020. A new species of Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858 (Anomopoda: Daphniidae:Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon basin highlighted by DNA barcodes and morphology. PeerJ 8:e9989. 10.7717/peerj.9989 [ Links ]

Almeida Castilho MC, Wisniewski C, Santos-Wisniewski MJ. 2012. Life cycle of Scapholeberis armata freyi Dumont & Pensaert, 1983 (Cladocera, Daphnidae. Biota Neotropica, 12(4): 56-60. 10.1590/S1676-06032012000400005 [ Links ]

Dumont HJ, Pensaert J. 1983. A revision of the Scapholeberinae (Crustacea: Cladocera). Hydrobiologia 100, 3-45. 10.1007/BF00027420 [ Links ]

Elmoor-Loureiro LMA. 2000. Ocorrência de Scapholeberis armata freyi Dumont & Pensaert (Crustacea, Anomopoda, Daphniidae) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 17, 301-302. 10.1590/S0101-81752000000100026 [ Links ]

Kotov AA, Fuentes-Reinés JM. 2015. An annotated checklist of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Colombia. Zootaxa, 4044 (4): 493-510. 10.11646/zootaxa.4044.4.2 [ Links ]

Kotov A, Forró L, Korovchinsky NM, Petrusek A. 2013. World checklist of freshwater Cladocera species. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available online at Available online at http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/17 . [accessed September 09, 2019] [ Links ]

Quiroz-Vázquez P, Elías-Gutiérrez M. 2009. A New Species of the Freshwater Cladoceran Genus Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858 (Cladocera: Anomopoda) from the Semidesert Northern Mexico, Highlighted by DNA Barcoding. Zootaxa, 2236: 50-64. 10.5281/zenodo.190439 [ Links ]

Taylor DJ, Connelly SJ, Kotov A. 2020. The Intercontinental phylogeography of neustonic daphniids. Scientific Reports, 10(1818):1-1. 10.1038/s41598-020-58743-8 [ Links ]

Fuentes de financiamiento / Funding:

The Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología received total support through the Universidad del Magdalena, Vicerrectoria de investigación, Fonciencia 2017

Recibido: 22 de Octubre de 2020; Aprobado: 18 de Febrero de 2021; : 25 de Febrero de 2021

*Corresponding autor juanfuentesreines@gmail.com

Conflicto de intereses / Competing interests:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rol de los autores / Authors Roles:

JMFR: collected the samples, identified and wrote the text. PEEl: collected the samples and wrote the text. LMAEL: confirmed the species and corrected the final work.

Aspectos éticos / legales; Ethics / legals:

Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales (ANLA). Collection permit No: 01744. Authors declare that in the research they have not incurred unethical aspects nor legal omissions.

Creative Commons License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License