Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru, a survey of the families: Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1860, Corylophidae LeConte, 1852, and Latridiidae Erichson, 1842

McHugh, Joseph V.; Chaboo, Caroline S.; McHugh, Joseph V.; Chaboo, Caroline S.

doi:10.15381/rpb.v29i4.23969

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Revista Peruana de Biología

On-line version ISSN 1727-9933

Rev. peru biol. vol.29 no.4 Lima Oct./Dec 2022 Epub Nov 25, 2022

http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i4.23969

Nota científica

Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru, a survey of the families: Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1860, Corylophidae LeConte, 1852, and Latridiidae Erichson, 1842

Escarabajos (Coleoptera) de Perú, un inventario de las familias: Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1860, Corylophidae LeConte, 1852, and Latridiidae Erichson, 1842

Joseph V. McHugh^*¹
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-6254

Caroline S. Chaboo²
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6983-8042

^¹. Department of Entomology, Biological Sciences Building, 120 Cedar Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A. 30602-2603.

^². Systematics Research Collections, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. 68588-0514. cchaboo2@unl.edu

Abstract

Three beetle families, Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, Corylophidae LeConte and Latridiidae Erichson, are documented as part of the “Beetles of Peru” project. The checklists are based on fieldwork in Peru, museum specimens, and published literature. Three sphindid genera are indicated as new country records.

Keywords: Taxonomy; new record; Neotropical; Fungi; Myxomycetes; South American biodiversity

Resumen

Tres familias de escarabajos, Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, Corylophidae LeConte y Latridiidae Erichson, estan documentado como parte del proyecto “Escarabajos del Perú”. Los checklists se basan en trabajo de campo en Perú, especimenes en museos, y literatura publicada. Se indican tres géneros de Sphindidae registros nuevos para el país.

Palabras clave: Taxonomía; nuevo registro; Neotropical; Fungi; Myxomyceta; biodiversidad de Sudamérica

Introduction

The beetle families Sphindidae, Corylophidae and Latridiidae are treated below as part of the Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru Project (see ^{Chaboo 2015}). These families were once considered members of Cucujoidea, a superfamily that has undergone extensive modification in recent years. A series of phylogenetic studies have supported dividing the traditional concept of Cucujoidea (e.g., ^{Lawrence & Newton 1995}) among five superfamilies: Cleroidea, Erotyloidea, Nitiduloidea, Coccinelloidea and Cucujoidea sensu stricto (see ^{Cai et al. 2022}). Sphindidae is currently placed in Nitiduloidea, while Latridiidae and Corylophidae are placed in Coccinelloidea. These three families are relatively small in known diversity but are likely to harbor many undiscovered species because they are easily overlooked due to their small body size, drab coloration, and cryptic lifestyles.

In each family treatment below, we provide diagnostic morphology, habitats, best collection methods, and cite all relevant literature.

Taxonomy

Family Sphindidae Jacquelin Du Val, 1860

(Fig. 1A)

Diversity in Peru. 1 subfamily, 4 genera, 5-6 species.

Recognition. This is a family of small (1.5-3.5 mm) brownish beetles that are best recognized by the following combination of anatomical characters: head partially visible in dorsal view; 10-11 segmented antennae with abrupt, pubescent 2-3 segmented club; scape and pedicel abruptly and asymmetrically inflated for apical 2/3; mandible bearing large central tubercle and setose cavity on dorsal surface; coxae transverse; tarsi simple, formula usually 5-5-5 female and 5-5-4 male; 5 distinct free abdominal ventrites; and elytral punctures usually seriate. In addition, myxomycophagy can be a valuable diagnostic character.

Habitat. Sphindids are commonly called “Cryptic Slime Mold Beetles” because both the adults and larvae eat fruiting bodies of plasmodial slime molds (Class Myxomycetes ^{Link, 1833}) (^{Lawrence & Newton 1980}) and are often covered with their spores. Sphindid beetles are usually found in vegetated habitats that supply the decaying plant matter needed to support myxomycete growth, including leaf litter, dead twigs, tree bark, stumps, and decaying logs. Diverse myxomycetes have been recorded as hosts for Sphindidae (^{Russell 1979}, ^{Stephenson et al. 1994}). A sphindid species may be found on more than one type of myxomycete, but some sphindids show preferences for particular slime molds (^{McHugh & Kiselyova 2003}). All sphindid life stages are usually located on or near myxomycete fruitings (^{Burakowski & Ślipiński 1987}). ^{Forrester and McHugh (2010}) review the natural history literature for this family.

Sphindids are infrequently encountered. They occasionally are collected using black light traps and Berlese funnel extraction from sifted detritus. The most effective way to find sphindids is to collect myxomycete fruitings and extract beetles from them using gentle heat (^{McHugh 2002}). Large samples of sphindids can be obtained by rearing out multiple generations of beetles from larger myxomycete fruitings.

^{McHugh (1993}) reviewed the family most recently, conducted a phylogenetic analysis, and provided a generic key that includes the four genera known to occur in Peru. New species of this easily overlooked family are likely to be found in Peru.

Notes. Blackwelder (1944-1957) did not report Sphindidae from Peru. The following list is derived from published records by ^{McHugh (1993}) and from museum specimens at the Snow Entomological Museum Collection (SEMC), Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), and University of Georgia Collection of Arthropods (UGCA). Queries of online specimen data repositories (e.g., SCAN, GBIF) did not recover any additional Peruvian records. New biodiversity occurrence data are indicated by ‘*’. For new Peruvian records, collection data are provided verbatim with “/” indicating a new line and “//” indicating a new label. Some of the new generic records are based on specimens that appear to represent multiple species; thus, the current diversity estimate for this family in Peru is 5-6 species.

Checklist

Family Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1860

Subfamily Sphindinae Jacquelin du Val, 1860

Carinisphindus^{McHugh, 1990}

Unidentified sp., new country record for genus *. PERU: Pasco Dept. / Villa Rica, 5kmSSW, Villa Rica Rd. / Río de la Sal, 1850 m / 10°45’6”S, 75°18’12”W / 15-17OCT 1999; R.Brooks / PERU1B99031B / ex: flight intercept trap [1, SEMC].

Eurysphindus^{LeConte, 1878}

Unidentified spp., new country record for genus *. PERU: Pasco Dept. / Villa Rica Rd. 1475 m / 10°47’6”S, 75°18’54”W / 15-18 OCT 1999; R.Brooks / D.Brzoska, PERU1B99 030C / ex: flight intercept trap [1, SEMC]; PERU: Dept. Loreto / 1.5km N Teniente Lopez / 2°35.66’S, 76°06.92’W / 18 July 1993, 210-240 m / Richard Leschen, #119 / ex: flight intercept trap [1, SEMC]; PERU: Cuzco Dept., / Pillahuata, Manu rd / km 128, 18-IX-1982 // FMHD #82-253 L. E. / Watrous & G. Mazurek [3, FMNH].

Genisphindus^{McHugh, 1993}

Genisphindus roxanneae^{McHugh, 1993}

Sphindus Megerle in Dejean, 1821

Unidentified sp., new country record for genus *. PERU: Tambopata Prov./ 15 km NE Pto. Maldonaldo / 22 June 1989, 200m / J.Ashe,R.Leschen#219 / ex:Stemonitis [8, SEMC]; Peru: Loreto: / Yacumama Lodge, / 73.5 ° W, 4.8° S, 6- / 20.VIII.1994 // nr. Jct Rio Marañon / & Rio Usayal / D.Nickle, P.Skelley [498, UGCA]; Peru: Dpto. Amazonas: / Fatima (Bagua-Imaza / Rd.). Elev. 450 m. / Goloboff, Santisteban, / McHugh 22.XII.90 [18, UGCA]; PERU: Madre de Dios; / Rio Tambopata Res; 30 air / km. SW Pto. Maldonado, 290m. / 2-5 XI 1979 J.B.Heppner / subtropical moist forest [1, NMNH].

Family Corylophidae ^{Leconte, 1852}

(Fig. 1B)

Diversity in Peru. 1 subfamily, 4 tribes, 4 genera, 5 species.

Recognition. The Corylophidae, or “Minute Hooded Beetles”, may be recognized by their very small size (usually <2 mm); body shape typically oval, coccinelloid; antennae elongate with 3-segmented club bearing sensory vesicles; pronotum usually concealing the head in dorsal view; tarsi 4-4-4; metacoxae widely separated; first abdominal ventrite elongate; and last abdominal tergite often exposed.

Habitat. Most corylophids feed on spores and hyphae of fungi, typically molds and other microfungi; therefore, they normally occur in habitats with accumulations of decaying vegetation such as leaf litter, piles of cut grass, bird nests, stumps, logs, and dead twigs and branches. Corylophidae are sampled effectively by beating decaying flowers, leaves, and branches, or by Berlese funnel extraction from sifted detritus. In addition, corylophids have been sampled in canopy traps high above the forest floor (e.g., ^{Ulyshen & Hanula 2007}). ^{Ślipiński et al. (2010}) review the natural history literature for Corylophidae.

Notes. The following checklist is derived from Blackwelder (1945), who reported four species, and was supplemented by ^{Pakaluk (1987}). Queries of online specimen data repositories (e.g., SCAN, GBIF) did not recover any additional Peruvian records. Corylophidae are poorly studied in the Neotropics and are easily overlooked, so the discovery of additional taxa is expected for Peru.

The phylogeny and classification of Corylophidae have been addressed recently by ^{Ślipiński et al. (2009}) and ^{Robertson et al. (2013}). Because the four genera known to occur in Peru are the only representatives of their tribes currently reported there, the key to subfamilies and tribes of Corylophidae provided by Ślipiński et al. (2009) could be helpful for doing identifications. The generic key provided by ^{Bowestead and Leschen (2002}) includes all genera currently known from Peru except Hoplicnema, a genus that would key out to Couplet 9 (Rypobiini) where it could be differentiated from Rypobius LeConte by having the following features: 11-segmented antennae, head completely concealed from above by the pronotum, hind angles of the prothorax posteriorly produced, mesosternal region with exposed, relatively large, subquadrate area between the mesocoxal cavities; male protibia with tooth-like spines; and spermatheca large, globose (^{Pakaluk 1987}). Clypastraea Haldeman (Parmulini) is known from neighboring countries and is likely to occur in Peru. Clypastraea has the anterior margin of the prosternum bearing a sharp lateral emargination (an “antennal slot”) on each side which distinguishes it from Arthrolips Wollaston, the only member of Parmulini currently known from Peru.

Checklist

Family Corylophidae ^{LeConte, 1852}

Subfamily Corylophinae ^{LeConte, 1852}

Tribe Parmulini ^{Poey, 1854}

Arthrolips^{Wollaston, 1854}

Arthrolips posticus^{Kirsch, 1876}

Arthrolips thoracicus^{Kirsch, 1876}

Tribe Sericoderini ^{Matthews, 1888}

Sericoderus^{Stephens, 1829}

Sericoderus tropicus^{Kirsch, 1876}

Tribe Corylophini ^{LeConte, 1852}

Corylophus Leach in ^{Stephens, 1832}

Corylophus peruanus^{Kirsch, 1876}

Figure 1 Habitus, dorsal: A) Genisphindus roxanneae ^{McHugh 1993} (Sphindidae), Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata Res. (UGCA), scale line = 0.5 mm; B) Clypastraea sp. (Corylophidae), Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Potrerillos del Guenda Res. (UGCA), scale line = 0.25 mm; C) Melanophthalma sp. (Latridiidae), Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Potrerillos del Guenda Res. (UGCA), scale line = 0.5 mm.

Tribe Rypobiini ^{Paulian, 1950}

Hoplicnema^{Matthews, 1899}

Hoplicnema amplissima^{Pakaluk, 1987}

Family Latridiidae ^{Erichson, 1842}

(Fig. 1C)

Diversity in Peru. 2 subfamilies, 4 genera, 4 species.

Recognition. Latridiidae are commonly called “Minute Brown Scavenger Beetles.” They may be recognized by the following features: body size small (< 3 mm); body shape elongate oval; antenna with 10-11 segments with a gradual 2-3 segmented club; pronotum narrower than the elytra; elytral humeral angles usually rounded; and tarsi 3-3-3. The elytra are often deeply punctate-striate and intervals may be raised and carinate. Adults of Latridiinae often have a bright white waxy secretion on the body that can obscure some features.

Habitat. Most latridiids feed on spores and hyphae of fungi, typically molds and other microfungi; however, some species are specialists on Myxomycetes. Latridiids most frequently occur in damp habitats with decaying vegetation such as leaf litter, piles of cut grass, logs, stumps, seed pods, dead twigs, and branches, and in nests of birds and rodents. A few are found regularly in stored plant products, especially if they were exposed to humidity. ^{Hartley and McHugh (2010}) review the natural history literature for the family.

Latridiidae can be sampled with blacklighting, sweeping and beating dying and dead vegetation, and by Berlese funnel extraction from sifted detritus. Some latridiids have been sampled in canopy traps high above the forest floor (e.g., ^{Ulyshen & Hanula 2007}).

A phylogenetic analysis and reclassification were done by ^{Lord et al. (2010}). The Latridiidae key of ^{Andrews (2002}) includes the genera known to occur in Peru with the exception of Eufalloides Hinton, a monotypic latridiine genus that includes only Eufalloides holmesi Hinton. In the Andrews key, Eufalloides would key out to Eufallia Muttkowski, which also has greatly elongated trochanters. According to Hinton (1941), Eufalloides can be distinguished from Eufallia by “the 2- instead of 3-segmented antennal club and the pronotum, which is much broader than the head and has the sides broadly dilated.” Melanophthalma Motschulsky is represented in neighboring states and is likely to occur in Peru.

Notes. The following checklist derives from Blackwelder (1945) and ^{Rücker (2020}). Recent works describing new Peruvian taxa include ^{Dajoz (1974}) and ^{Johnson (1997}). Queries of online specimen data repositories (e.g., SCAN, GBIF) did not recover any additional Peruvian records.

Checklist

Family Latridiidae ^{Erichson, 1842}

Subfamily Corticariinae ^{Curtis, 1829}

Corticaria^{Marsham, 1802}

C. elongata (^{Gyllenhal, 1827})

Corticarina^{Reitter, 1881}

C. lescheni^{Johnson, 1997}

Subfamily Latridiinae ^{Erichson, 1842}

Adistemia^{Fall, 1899}

A. rileyi^{Hinton, 1941}

Cartodere C. G. ^{Thomson, 1859}

Subgenus Aridius ^{Motschulsky, 1866}

C. A. malouinensis^{Champion, 1918}

C. A. peruvianus^{Dajoz, 1974}

C. A. subfasciatus (^{Reitter, 1877})

Eufalloides^{Hinton, 1941}

E. holmesi^{Hinton, 1941}

Queries in data repositories

GBIF.org (12 July 2022) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.seat23

GBIF.org (12 July 2022) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.uev3tb

GBIF.org (12 July 2022) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.9xxv4p

SCAN-bugs.org (12 July 2022) SCAN Occurrence Download https://scan-bugs.org/portal/collections/list.php?taxa=Corylophidae&thes=1&type=1&country=Peru&db=all&page=1

SCAN-bugs.org (12 July 2022) SCAN Occurrence Download https://scan-bugs.org/portal/collections/list.php?taxa=Latridiidae&thes=1&type=1&country=Peru&db=all&page=1

SCAN-bugs.org (12 July 2022) SCAN Occurrence Download https://scan-bugs.org/portal/collections/list.php?taxa=Sphindidae&thes=1&type=1&country=Peru&db=all&page=1

Agradecimientos / Acknowledgments

We acknowledge NSF-EPSCoR #66928 (PI: CS Chaboo) for supporting the Peru beetle inventory project. This work also was supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project GEO00886 to J.V. McHugh. Our thanks to Diana Silva, Museum of Natural History, University of San Marcos, Lima, for help with research permits and the Amazon Conservation Association (ACA) and their staff at the Centro de Investigacíón y Capacitación Rio Los Amigos (CICRA) for support and assistance during fieldwork. We thank Daniel Bennett, Ernesto Razuri, and Matthew Gimmel for assistance in field and lab processing. We thank the following individuals and the associated institutions for loans of specimens: Zack Falin, Snow Entomological Museum Collection (SEMC), Kansas University Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Alfred Newton, Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Chicago, Illinois, USA; and David Furth and Gary Hevel, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, D.C., U.S.A. The specimens photographed for Figures 1A-C are in the University of Georgia Collection of Arthropods (UGCA), Athens, Georgia, U.S.A.

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Fuentes de financiamiento / Funding: The fieldwork was supported by U.S.A. NSF-EPSCoR #66928 (PI: CS Chaboo); the manuscript was supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project GEO00886 (PI: J. McHugh).

Aspectos éticos / legales; Ethics / legals: There are no ethical or legal aspects to declare as expeditions were officially permitted, and the specimens are deposited in public institutional collections.

Citación: McHugh JV, Chaboo CS. 2022. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru, a survey of the families: Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1860, Corylophidae LeConte, 1852, and Latridiidae Erichson, 1842. Revista peruana de biología 29(4): e23969 - 000 (Noviembre 2022). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i4.23969

Editor: Diana Silva

Received: July 03, 2022; Accepted: October 15, 2022

*Corresponding autor mchugh.jv@gmail.com

Conflicto de intereses / Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rol de los autores / Authors Roles: JVM: Investigation; Writing-original draft; Writing-review & editing. CSC: Conceptualization; Investigation; Writing-review & editing.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

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Revista Peruana de Biología

On-line version ISSN 1727-9933

Rev. peru biol. vol.29 no.4 Lima Oct./Dec 2022 Epub Nov 25, 2022

http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i4.23969