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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana
versión impresa ISSN 1814-5469versión On-line ISSN 2308-0531
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum. vol.20 no.2 Lima abr./jun 2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v20i2.2914
Editorial
Adult lymphoma / Leukemia T: Prevalent entity in South America
1Lymphoma Unit - Medical Oncology Service. Social Security National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima-Perú.
2Bing Center for Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.
3Division of Hematological Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
Adult T - lymphoma / leukemia is an aggressive T lymphoproliferative entity associated retrovirus HTLV-1- T. HTLV-1 infection is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, Africa, South America, and the Middle East. In South America, we have Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Chile. Peru is endemic for this virus1-3. The prevalence of retroviruses in Europe and the USA. USA It is less than 1% but in Peru it is estimated that around 3% of the healthy adult population is a carrier of the retrovirus4,5. From Chile, there have been several ATLL reports since 1992 by Dra. Cabrera et al.6,7,8. Other diseases caused by retroviruses include tropical spastic paraparesis, uveitis, infectious dermatitis, and other rheumatologic, psychiatric, and infectious disorders9. Only 2% to 4% of virus carriers will develop ATLL10. The viral genes involved in the malignant transformation are Tax and HBZ11,12. Five clinical types are identified in this disease: latent, chronic, cutaneous, lymphomatous, and acute. However, the acute and lymphomatous forms are the most aggressive and also the most prevalent. As to prognosis, the poor prognosis factors are: clinical stage, performance status, age, albumin, and soluble IL-2 receptor13. The survival of the acute forms can be 2 months, while the lymphomatous forms can have a survival time of around 9 months. Treatment for leukemic forms is Interferon alfa and zidovudine; the lymphomatous form responds to chemotherapy14,15. Allogeneic transplantation may be the only curative form of the disease. In this issue of the journal, a complete review of this entity is presented by Dra. Cabrera et al.
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