Servicios Personalizados
Revista
Articulo
Indicadores
- Citado por SciELO
Links relacionados
- Similares en SciELO
Compartir
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana
versión impresa ISSN 1814-5469versión On-line ISSN 2308-0531
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum. vol.23 no.3 Lima jul./set. 2023 Epub 21-Sep-2023
http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v23i3.5548
Letter to the Editor
First course of palliative care in undergraduate at a peruvian university
1Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
2Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins
4Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu. Sant Boi, Catalunya, España
Mr. editor
The epidemiological transition that the world is experiencing requires health personnel prepared to respond to the needs and demands of the population; This also applies to low-income and medium-income countries, where oncological and non-oncological diseases are diagnosed in advanced stages and represent a high burden for the patient and family, often associated with pain and suffering.1,2.
Palliative care (PC) aims to alleviate suffering, constitutes a fundamental human right and must be provided with the best possible quality1. The physician's competencies must be adapted to the needs of the population; however, in Latin America, there are few specific training programs on palliative care, and they are even more scarce or absent in undergraduate programs3. For more than a decade, measures have been proposed to improve this; In countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Chile, meetings on education and PC have been held where experts recommend starting from undergraduate university studies to acquire basic communication skills, apply bioethical principles, learn PC principles, comprehensively understand the patient and his family, and recognize the importance of teamwork4.
In 2020, the Latin American Atlas of PC reported that only 15% of medical schools in the region had an independent subject on PC5. In 2021, the knowledge about it among Peruvian medical students was reported as low or intermediate6; nevertheless, there are reports of educational experiences with clear benefits in other parts of the world7,8. Although it is actual PC are taught as chapters, within some courses of the professional medical career, in Peru in 2019, formal postgraduate educational programs in PC began (with the first master's degree at a public university). In the first semester of 2022, At the same university, the first exclusive undergraduate course on PC was opened for students in the ninth semester of medicine, in virtual mode (in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic), with a capacity for 40 students (a quarter of the promotion) of 16 weeks duration and voluntary participation at the choice of the students.
The students mentioned that the main reason for choosing the course was facing advanced illnesses, in the family environment, with suffering and the need for palliative care, which was often not recognized as such.
95% of the students expressed a satisfactory opinion with the development of the course (figure 1) and showed interest in the subject, active participation, and achieved good grades; highlighted the humanistic, biopsychosocial and spiritual approach, as well as addressing issues that are not covered in other courses: the approach to the end of life and coping with death, as well as communication strategies and interaction with the family of the patient in need of PC. All students mentioned that they would recommend the course to their peers, and 93% believe that it should be required for all medical students. Among the aspects to be improved, they mentioned the need for face-to-face activities and the opportunity to learn about real clinical cases.
We consider this an excellent step for medical training in the country, where the PC culture is in the development phase, and it will be expanded to all students of medicine and health sciences, which will contribute to improving the quality of life of the patient and that of his family; Likewise, the humanization of medicine will be favored, which is the great society demand9,10.
REFERENCES
1. Pastrana T, De Lima L. Palliative Care in Latin America: Are We Making Any Progress? Assessing Development Over Time Using Macro Indicators. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022 Jan;63(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.020. Epub 2021 Aug 12. PMID: 34391843. [ Links ]
2. Runzer-Colmenares FM, Parodi JF, Perez-Agüero C, Echegaray K, Samamé JC. Las personas con enfermedad terminal y la necesidad de cuidados paliativos: una deuda pendiente de los servicios de salud. Acta Med Peru. 2019;36(2):134-44 [ Links ]
3. Vindrola-Padros C, Mertnoff R, Lasmarias C, Gómez-Batiste, X. Palliative care education in Latin America: A systematic review of training programs for healthcare professionals. Palliative and Supportive Care 2018; 16(1):107-117. doi: 10.1017/S147895151700061X [ Links ]
4. Wenka R, De Lima L, Mutto E, Berenguel MR, Centeno C. Encuentro sobre educación de cuidado paliativo en Latinoamérica. Recomendaciones sobre enseñanza en el pregrado y en el primer nivel de atención de salud. Med Paliat 2016; 23(1):42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.medipa.2013.11.002 [ Links ]
5. Pastrana T, De Lima L, Sánchez-Cárdenas M, Van Steijn D, Garralda E, Pons JJ, et al (2021). Atlas de Cuidados Paliativos en Latinoamérica 2020 (2ª ed.). Houston: IAHPC Press. [ Links ]
6. Tarazona-Pedreros D, Espinoza-Rojas R. Factores asociados al nivel de conocimiento sobre cuidados paliativos en estudiantes de medicina de una Universidad en Lima, Perú. Rev. Fac. Med. Hum. Julio 2021; 21(3):571-579. DOI 10.25176/RFMH.v21i3.3768 [ Links ]
7. Boland JW, Brown MEL, Duenas A, et al. How effective is undergraduate palliative care teaching for medical students? A systematic literature review. BMJ Open 2020;10:e036458. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036458 [ Links ]
8. Pieters, J., Dolmans, D.H.J.M., Verstegen, D.M.L. et al. Palliative care education in the undergraduate medical curricula: students' views on the importance of, their confidence in, and knowledge of palliative care. BMC Palliat Care 18, 72 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-019-0458-x [ Links ]
9. Allende-Pérez S, Alanis-Cho a, Delgado-Fernández A, Peña-Nieves A, Verástegui-Avilés E. Conocimientos básicos y percepciones en cuidados paliativos en médicos de pregrado de la Universidad Autónoma de México: un estudio transversal. Med Paliat. 2020;27(2):71-78 [ Links ]
10. Amado-Tineo J, Echegaray-Castro K, Garaycochea-Cannon V, Limaymanta C. Revistas científicas sobre cuidados paliativos y terapia del dolor en Latinoamérica. Med Paliat 2022; 29(2):133-138. doi: 10.20986/medpal.2022.1300/2021. [ Links ]
8Article published by the Journal of the faculty of Human Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University. It is an open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creatvie Commons license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/), that allows non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is duly cited. For commercial use, please contact revista.medicina@urp.edu.pe.
Received: February 22, 2023; Accepted: June 17, 2023